海上军事侦察活动的国际法分析——以美海军P-8A型反潜巡逻机事件为例  

On Military Reconnaissance Activities at Sea from International Law Perspectives:Taking the Recent Case Caused by a U.S.Navy P-8A Plane for Example

作　　者：卢婧[1,2] LU Jing

机构地区：[1]中山大学 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2021年第2期90-107,156,157,共20页Journal of International Law

摘　　要：近期发生的美海军P-8A型反潜巡逻机于公海对中方舰艇编队进行抵近侦察的事件表明美中两国对有关海上军事侦察活动的国际法解读是不一致的。美方认为这样的海上军事侦察活动属于"公海自由",否认他国对海上军事侦察活动采取反措施同样也是行使"公海自由"的一种方式,从国际法的角度看这属于双重标准。中方从"利益平衡"的角度认识海洋法对"公海自由"的限制,认为从事海上军事侦察活动的国家不能滥用"公海自由"损害他国利益。这一解读既符合法理,也有助于减少因行使"公海自由"引发的冲突。Recently,a U.S.navy P-8 A plane carrying out reconnaissance activities against the Chinese Fleet has been lased by a Chinese destroyer,and both sides claimed that their activities are lawful under international law.The U.S.believes that reconnaissance activities fall under the freedom of the high seas,while denying that countermeasures taken by other countries against such activities can also be regarded as the freedom of the high seas.Thus this way of interpreting international law essentially reflects a double-standard.China recognizes the restraint of the freedom of the high seas from the perspective of the balance of interests,arguing against abuse of the freedom of the high seas injuring interests of other states due to reconnaissance activities.Such interpretation is legally reasonable and conducive to the reduction of conflicts caused by exercising the freedom of the high seas.

关 键 词：海上军事侦察活动 “公海自由” 适当顾及 利益平衡 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] E87[政治法律—法学]