氨磺灵和秋水仙素诱导橡胶草四倍体效果的比较研究  

Comparative Studyon Tetraploid Induction of Taraxacumkok-saghyz Rodin with Oryzalin and Colchicine

作　　者：杨玉双[1] 覃碧[1] 张继川[2] 张立群[2] 聂秋海 刘实忠[1] Yang Yushuang;Qin Bi;Zhang Jichuan;Zhang Liqun;Nie Qiuhai;Lin Shizhong(Ruhher Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science,Haikon 571101;College of Materials and Engineering,Reijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029;Beijing Ilnglong Dandelion Technology and Development Ijd.,Beijing 101102)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口571101 [2]北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100029 [3]北京玲珑蒲公英科技发展有限公司,北京101102

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第20期35-41,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京玲珑蒲公英科技发展有限公司研发课题“橡胶草种质收集,创新与良种繁育”;国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“基于全基因组重测序技术的橡胶草高密度遗传图谱构建及含胶量QTL定位”(31801436)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同诱变剂对橡胶草四倍体的诱导效果,以橡胶草幼芽为材料,采用浸芽法,比较分析氨磺灵和秋水仙素2种诱变剂不同浓度和处理时间对橡胶草多倍体的诱导效果及多倍体橡胶草的形态特征变化。结果表明:氨磺灵处理橡胶草的成苗率(60%~75%)和最高诱变率(14.08%)均高于秋水仙素处理(0~59%和5.56%),其嵌合体率(27.27%)低于秋水仙素处理(75.00%),其中0.04 mmol/L氨磺灵处理30 min,成苗率为71.00%,变异率14.08%,为最佳诱变条件。可见,氨磺灵比秋水仙素更适合用于橡胶草多倍体诱导。诱导后获得的四倍体橡胶草叶片厚度、气孔大小、花和种子大小均显著大于野生型二倍体植株,气孔密度则显著低于野生型植株,这些形态特征可辅助多倍体橡胶草快速筛选和鉴定。本研究初步探明了2种诱变剂对橡胶草染色体加倍的诱导效果,为今后橡胶草多倍体育种提供理论依据和技术支持。To explore the induction effect of different mutagens on Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin(TKS),the seedlings of TKS were used as materials,the polyploid induction effects of different concentrations and treatment time of oryzalin and colchicine on TKS were analyzed,and the changes of morphological characteristics of polyploid TKS were studied using the buds soaking method.The results showed that,the seedling rate(60%-75%)and the highest mutation rate(14.08%)of the TKS treated with oryzalin were both higher than those of colchicine(0-59%and 5.56%),respectively.The chimera rate(27.27%)treated with oryzalin was lower than that of colchicine(75.00%).The treatment with 0.04 mmol/L oryzalin for 30 min was the optimal condition for TKS tetraploid induction,the seedling rate was 71.00%and the induction rate was14.08%.Therefore,colchicine was more suitable for TKS polyploid induction than colchicine.The leaf thickness,stomata size in the lower epidermis,flower size and seed size of tetraploid TKS plants were significantly larger than those of wild-type diploid plants,and stomatal density was significantly less than that of wild-type plants.These morphological characteristics could assist the rapid screening and identification of polyploid TKS.The induction effect of two mutagens on TKS was preliminarily explored in this study,which could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for TKS polyploid breeding in the future.

关 键 词：橡胶草 氨磺灵 秋水仙素 四倍体 多倍体诱导 

分 类 号：S576[农业科学—作物学]