不同覆盖物对夏黑葡萄关键生育期土壤温度和土壤水势的影响  

Effects of Different Mulch on Soil Temperature and Soil Water Potential in Key Growth Stages of Summer Black Grape

作　　者：杨湘 苏学德[1,2] 李鹏程 郭绍杰[1,2] 李铭 Yang Xiang;Su Xuede;Li Pengcheng;Guo Shaojie;Li Ming(Institute of Horticulture,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000;Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Ijaboralory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm Innovation and Improve Quality and Efficiency,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第20期59-65,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业科技支撑计划项目“南疆设施果树栽培关键技术研究与示范”(2018DB005);新疆生产建设兵团科技特派员创新创业计划项目“焉耆垦区葡萄产业化优质高效关键技术示范”(2018CB038);新疆兵团科技攻关与成果转化计划项目“鲜食葡萄产量与品质提升关键技术研究与示范”(2015AC012)。

摘　　要：覆盖是调节土壤温度、减少土壤水分无效蒸发的一种行之有效的手段,为探明不同覆盖物对夏黑葡萄开花期—成熟期内土壤温度和土壤水势的影响效果,本试验在夏黑葡萄园设置地布、黑棉毡、黑地膜覆盖和不覆盖(对照)4个处理,对各处理土壤温度和土壤水势的变化进行了比较研究。结果表明:与CK处理相比,T1、T2和T3处理均可以提高开花期土壤最低温度,分别提高0.55、0.87、3.25℃;T1处理使果实快速膨大期和着色期土壤最高温度降低,分别降低0.83℃和1.11℃,使土壤温度更接近根系适宜生长的温度环境;T2和T3处理则提高果实快速膨大期和着色期土壤最高温度,分别提高0.71、0.01℃和3.18、2.40℃。在相同灌水条件下,不同覆盖处理均可降低土壤水势日变化幅度,T1处理土壤水势在0~1 kPa之间,基本呈饱和状态,T2、T3和CK处理不同生育期日最大土壤水势差分别为1.69~11.08、0.24~1.09、12.63~18.08 k Pa;不同覆盖处理提高最高和最低土壤水势,其中覆盖地布和黑地膜效果更显著。综合比较各种覆盖材料对土壤温度和土壤水势的影响效果,覆盖地布处理效果最好。Mulching is an effective way to regulate soil temperature and reduce ineffective evaporation of soil moisture.To investigate the effects of different mulching materials on soil temperature and soil water potential from flowering stage to ripening stage of summer black grape,we set 4 treatments including mulching geotextile cloth(T1),black cotton felt(T2),black plastic membrane(T3)and no mulch(control,CK).The results showed that,compared with CK,T1,T2 and T3 could increase the minimum soil temperature at florescence stage by0.55,0.87 and 3.25℃,respectively.T1 treatment reduced the soil maximum temperature of fruit rapid expansion period and veraison period by 0.83℃and 1.11℃,respectively,made the soil temperature closer to the temperature environment suitable for root growth.T2 and T3 treatments increased the soil maximum temperature in fruit rapid expansion period and veraison period,by 0.71,0.01℃and 3.18,2.40℃,respectively.Different mulching treatments could reduce the daily variation of soil water potential under the same irrigation condition,the soil water potential of T1 was between 0-1 kPa,which was basically saturated.The maximum daily range of soil water potential of T2,T3 and CK was 1.69-11.08,0.24-1.09 and 12.63-18.08 kPa,respectively.Different mulching treatments increased the maximum and minimum soil water potential,in which,mulching geotextile cloth and black plastic membrane had more significant effect.Comprehensive comparison of the effects of different mulching materials on soil temperature and soil water potential showed that mulching geotextile cloth was the best.

关 键 词：覆盖物 地布 葡萄 土壤水势 土壤温度 日变化幅度 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S152.8[农业科学—农业基础科学]