肠道病毒D68型和A71型感染及相关中枢神经系统性疾病  

Enterovirus D68 and A71 infections and their related central nervous system disease

作　　者：苏凌旋 方磊 姚文武 颜浩 孙逸[2] 张严峻[2] Su Lingxuan;Fang Lei;Yao Wenwu;Yan Hao;Sun Yi;Zhang Yanjun(Department of Laboratory,School of Medical Technology,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,China;Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学医学技术与信息工程学院检验系,杭州310053 [2]浙江省疾病预防控制中心微生物检验所,杭州310051

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2021年第3期328-334,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

基　　金：浙江省卫生领军人才培养工程项目(CX-9);十三五国家科技重大专项:浙江及周边省传染病病原谱流行规律研究(2017ZX10103008-002);中国博士后科学基金(2020T130104ZX)。

摘　　要：肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)属于小RNA病毒科肠道病毒属病毒,有超过100种血清型,通过粪口途径和呼吸道途径进行传播。EV感染引起的疾病谱呈现多样性,其中病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis,VE)、无菌性脑膜炎(aseptic meningitis,AM)、急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)等对人类健康影响最为显著,严重时还会导致不可逆转的后遗症,甚至死亡。EV的主要受累人群为5岁以下儿童,每年的夏秋两季是该病的发病高峰期。本文对EV的结构特征、蛋白功能、流行病学特征、引发的中枢神经系统并发症、实验室检测方法、重要EV的病理机制研究进展以及疾病的预防与控制进行了综述,以期为临床治疗、预防EV相关疾病提供理论依据。The genus Enterovirus(EV)of the family Picornaviridae containing more than 100 serotypes.These viruses cause a variety of diseases,among which viral encephalitis(VE),aseptic meningitis(AM)and acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)much threaten human health.Infections with these viruses will cause severe neurological complications and death.EV is a frequent cause of infection in children,especially in neonates and young infants.EV infections form a seasonal pattern and the incidence is the highest in the summer and autumn.In this review,we discuss our current understanding of EV structure,host-receptor interactions,epidemiological characteristics,related central nervous system diseases and laboratory diagnostics.Moreover,we briefly explain the mechanism of viral genome replication and assembly for most relevant pathogens and describe diseases prevention and control method.We reflect on how these recent discoveries may help the development of strategies to decrease viral spread.

关 键 词：肠道病毒 病毒性脑炎 无菌性脑膜炎 急性弛缓性麻痹 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R747.9[医药卫生—临床医学]