集成型快速主动淬灭InGaAsP近红外单光子探测器  

Integrated InGaAsP Near-Infrared Single-Photon Detector with Fast Active Quenching

作　　者：刘俊良[1,2,3] 许伊宁 董亚魁 李永富 刘兆军[1,3] 赵显 Liu Junliang;Xu Yining;Dong Yakui;Li Yongfu;Liu Zhaojun;Zhao Xian(Key Laboratory of Laser&Infrared System(Shandong University),Ministry of Education,Qingdao,Shandong 266237,China;Center for Optics Research and Engineering(CORE),Shandong University,Qingdao,Shandong 266237,China;School of Information Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Qingdao,Shandong 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学激光与红外系统集成技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266237 [2]山东大学光学高等研究中心,山东青岛266237 [3]山东大学信息科学与工程学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国激光》2021年第12期355-362,共8页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62075116)。

摘　　要：针对1.06μm单光子探测应用,研制了基于InGaAsP/InP单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)的集成型快速主动淬灭近红外单光子探测器。在制冷封装中集成关键淬灭元件并优化SPAD驱动电路,使得所研制的探测器具有极短的淬灭延迟,同时实现了较低的功耗和紧凑的设计。探测器具有良好的综合性能,在-30℃、10%探测效率、100 ns死时间条件下,后脉冲概率约为10%,暗计数率约为1 kHz;最短死时间低至50 ns,最大可用探测效率达30%。所研制的探测器采用105μm/125μm多模光纤耦合,尺寸仅为63 mm×54 mm×44 mm,且集成了门控、参数控制和时间相关单光子计数等功能,适用于体积受限的单点和多波束激光雷达系统。Objective Compared with single-photon detectors(SPDs)based on superconducting nanowires or photon upconversion,SPDs based on InGaAs(P)/InP single-photon avalanche diodes(SPADs)have shown advantages such as small size,low power consumption,and low cost.Therefore,they have been widely used in the fields of lidar,three-dimensional imaging,quantum information,etc.With the development of applications,the overall performance of InP-based SPDs has been gradually improved these years.However,striking a balance among detection efficiency,dark count rate,afterpulse probability,and dead time is still challenging.High afterpulse probability is found to be a bottleneck of the performance for InP-based free-running SPDs,and the dead time has to be set to a large value to suppress the severe after-pulsing effects.Besides,the requirement of compact SPDs for the use in unmanned platforms,vehicles and integrated systems is increasing.However,the integration of SPADs is often accompanied with a degradation in some of the performance specifications or parameter adjustment flexibility.In this contribution,an integrated SPD based on InGaAsP/InP SPAD with fast active quenching was developed for 1.06μm,size-limited,and low-dead-time applications.Methods A fast active-quenching circuit was proposed to cease the avalanche current of the SPAD quickly and actively,in order to reduce the number of avalanche carriers,and consequently the afterpulse probability.The circuit is essentially composed of only an ultra-high-speed Si-Ge comparator and a GaAs enhancement-mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor within the feedback loop.The latch-enable function of the high-speed comparator acts as the hold-off logic,and hence the delay of the feed-back loop is minimized.An improved C-RC network is used to cancel the noise introduced by the quenching signal.By integrating the critical balancing capacitor in the C-RC network into the package of the SPAD,the discrimination threshold of the comparator can be set as low as 2.4 mV.With all the

关 键 词：量子光学 单光子探测器 单光子雪崩二极管 主动淬灭 后脉冲 近红外 

分 类 号：TN247[电子电信—物理电子学]