水生环境中微塑料自身及负载有机污染物的生物富集效应  

The bioaccumulation effects of microplastics and associated organic pollutants in the aquatic environment

作　　者：俞海睿 陈启晴 施华宏[1] Hairui Yu;Qiqing Chen;Huahong Shi(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第20期2504-2515,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(21806038)资助。

摘　　要：微塑料广泛存在于水体环境中,由于其具有较高的疏水性而能够负载有机污染物,同时影响它们在生物体内的累积与毒性.目前在微塑料对污染物生物富集过程的作用方面尚有分歧,其根源在于大部分的室内暴露研究往往缺乏对复杂环境介质的考量,而野外场景的模型分析又少了验证环节.生物富集和生物放大效应通常是对于传统污染物而言的,对于微塑料来说暂无明确的界定,本文就此展开详细讨论.本文归纳了野外或室内暴露的不同环境条件下,微塑料在水生生物体内的生物富集特点;分析了影响微塑料生物有效性的关键因素;探索了微塑料对共存有机污染物生物有效性的影响和规律;评估了关键水环境化学因素对微塑料和共存有机污染物在生物体内累积的影响.本文将有助于我们深入认识微塑料在水生生态系统中的累积情况,及其对共存有机污染物在生物体内运移的贡献和可能存在的生态风险,也将为微塑料风险评估及政策导向提供重要依据.Microplastics are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment.Due to their high hydrophobicity,microplastics are usually loaded with different kinds of organic pollutants,whose bioaccumulation and toxicity to aquatic organisms will also be affected with the presence of microplastics.Consequently,bioaccumulation and biomagnification of microplastics and their associated organic pollutants,are often inferred to occur in aquatic food webs.The effects of microplastics on the bioaccumulation of organic pollutants do not have a definite conclusion yet,because results from laboratory studies supporting bioaccumulation are hampered by using unrealistic exposure conditions and results from modelling studies are lack of verification.The terms of bioaccumulation and biomagnification are usually used for traditional pollutants,but there is no clear definition for microplastics yet,which will be discussed in detail in this review.Presented here are the results of a systematic literature review to examine whether current,published findings support the premise that microplastics and associated organic pollutants bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms or biomagnify within food webs.First,field and laboratory-derived data on aquatic species were collected from publications,and the bioaccumulation factors(BAF)were estimated across all species including different feeding types and habitat conditions.Second,we summarized the widely investigated factors for the accumulation phenomenon of microplastics in the relevant exposure systems,from publications until 2020.Current literature suggests that the bioaccumulation amounts in organisms depend on microplastic concentration,particle size,exposure time,particle shape and polymer type.Moreover,animal body size and feeding type can also affect the ingestion amounts of microplastics in organisms.Third,three possible scenarios of associated organic pollutants bioaccumulation along with microplastic ingestion were classified and potential mechanisms were discussed.The presence of microplastics can incr

关 键 词：微塑料 水生环境 共存有机污染物 生物富集 环境因子 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]