中国沿海集装箱港口效率评价研究  

Efficiency Evaluation of China’s Coastal Container Ports

作　　者：吴灵辉[1] 兰军 WU Ling-hui;LAN Jun(School of Economics and Trade of Yangling,Vocational&Technical College,Yangling 712100,China;School of Management,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院经济与贸易分院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]武汉纺织大学管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《数学的实践与认识》2021年第14期127-141,共15页Mathematics in Practice and Theory

摘　　要：港口作为链接国内外贸易的重要通道,已经成为交通运输体系的重要环节.港口效率决定贸易成本和发展趋势,是港口管理的重点.通过DEA-Malmquist模型和三阶段超效率混合DEA模型评价我国13个沿海集装箱港口的效率,实现对港口效率的动态和静态分析.本文的三阶段超效率混合DEA模型与传统模型中使用CCR、BCC以及SBM模型相比,同时兼顾径向指标和非径向指标,也可区分出有效决策单元之间的效率差异,使得效率计算结果更准确.研究结果表明:一是港口服务向融资等相关金融业务的拓展可以提高港口的环境适应力.二是在港口由小规模发展为大规模的过程中,传统港口业务效率的提升对港口效率的影响较大.大规模港口则需要在传统港口业务的基础上,通过相关业务的拓展与优化来提高效率,如青岛港和上海港.三是处于规模收益递增的日照港虽然处于前沿面上,但并不是效益最优.As an important channel linking domestic and foreign trade,ports have become an important part of the transportation system.Port efficiency determines the trade cost and development trend,which is the focus of port management.This paper uses DEA-Malmquist method and three-stage super-efficient hybrid DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of 13 coastal container ports in China,so as to realize the dynamic and static analysis of port efficiency.Compared with the traditional models using CCR,BCC and SBM,the three-stage super-efficient hybrid DEA model in this paper can take both radial and non-radial indexes into account,and can effectively distinguish the efficiency differences between effective decisionmaking units,so that the efficiency calculation results are more accurate.The results show that:firstly,the expansion of port services to finance and other related financial services can improve the environmental adaptability of the port.Secondly,in the process of developing from small-scale port to large-scale port,the improvement of port business efficiency in traditional ports has a greater impact on port efficiency.On the basis of traditional port business,large-scale ports need to expand and optimize relevant business to improve efficiency,such as Qingdao Port and Shanghai Port.Thirdly,although Rizhao Port is at the forefront of increasing returns to scale,it is not the best one.

关 键 词：港口效率 集装箱港口 DEA-MALMQUIST 三阶段DEA 

分 类 号：F552[经济管理—产业经济]