长期海上作业人员健康状况及中医体质变化分析  

Analysis on the health status and changes in the constitution of prolonged mariners by traditional Chinese medicine

作　　者：王鹏[1] 张瑞荣 孟宪泽 封颖璐 Wang Peng;Zhang Ruirong;Meng Xianze;Feng Yinglu(School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学基础医学院,山东青岛266000 [2]海军第九七一医院中医科

出　　处：《海军医学杂志》2021年第4期395-397,406,共4页Journal of Navy Medicine

基　　金：全军青年培育计划(18QNP013)。

摘　　要：目的通过对长期连续海上作业人员健康状况及中医体质调查,分析中医体质类型分布特征及变化,为推进和保障该人群身体健康提供流行病学数据的支持。方法对参加为期50 d的海上工作人员分别于作业前后进行2次中医体质调查,按照《中医体质分类与判定》标准,采用最大值法对数据进行对比分析。结果调查显示慢性胃炎、下腰痛、睡眠障碍等疾病位居该人群患病前3位;患病人群与长航50 d后整体人群体质比较,平和质(χ^(2)=14.417,P<0.01)比例明显降低,痰湿质(χ^(2)=9.257,P<0.01)、阴虚质(χ^(2)=12.924,P<0.01)比例增高;2次调查显示:平和质、气虚质、阳虚质是该人群常见的中医体质;有3种体质发生了明显变化:平和质(χ^(2)=9.726,P<0.01),较海上作业前比例下降;气虚质(χ^(2)=5.333,P<0.05)、气郁质(χ^(2)=4.800,P<0.05),较海上作业前1 d比例升高。结论慢性胃炎、下腰痛、睡眠障碍等是困扰海员健康的常见疾病;患病人群中平和质比例降低,痰湿质、阴虚质增高;平和质、气虚质和阳虚质是长期海上作业人员常见的中医体质类型;海上作业时间、年龄与船员体质变化有相关性,且平和质、气虚质、气郁质的变化更明显。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and changes in the constitution of those people engaged marine operations in a continuous and prolonged sea environment,so as to provide epidemiological evidence for health protection of such people.Methods Two rounds of constitution survey by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)were conducted before and after mission among the mariners involved in the 50-day marine mission.According to the standards of"TCM Constitution Classification and Determination",the obtained data were compared and analyzed by the maximum value method.Results Survey results showed that chronic gastritis,low back pain and sleep disorders were the top 3 diseases in the population.As compared with the constitution of the total population after 50 days of prolonged marine mission,the proportion of the pinghe type(χ^(2)=14.417)significantly decreased in the patient population(P<0.01),while the proportions of phlegm-dampness type(χ^(2)=9.257)and Yin-deficiency type(χ^(2)=12.924)increased(P<0.01).Two surveys indicated that the pinghe,Qi-deficiency and Yang-deficiency types were the most commonly seen TCM constitutions in this population.There were significant changes in the 3 types of constitution,i.e.the pinghe type,the proportion of which was lower than that before marine mission(χ^(2)=9.726,P<0.01);the qi-deficiency type(χ^(2)=5.333,P<0.05)and qi-stagnation type(χ^(2)=4.800,P<0.05),the proportions of which were higher than those of the data detected the day before marine mission.Conclusion Chronic gastritis,low back pain and sleep disorder are the common diseases that trouble the mariners.In the patient population,the proportion of the pinghe type decreased,the proportions of the phlegm-dampness type and Yin-deficiency type increased.The pinghe,Qi-deficiency and Yang-deficiency types are the common types of TCM constitution among the prolonged maritime workers.The duration of marine service and age are closely correlated with the changes in the constitution of mariners,with the changes o

关 键 词：中医体质 海员 健康 

分 类 号：R21[医药卫生—中医学] R835