我国宪法修正案技术的反思与重述  

Reflection and Restatement of the Technique of Amendment to Constitution of China

作　　者：屠振宇 Tu Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第6期110-120,共11页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代中国改革创新试验的法治问题研究”(项目编号:18ZDA134)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1988年以来,我国的修宪方式一直被称为宪法修正案技术,却常被质疑为名不副实。其原因在于,我国宪法修正案不像美国宪法修正案那样“保持宪法原文不变”。事实上,中美两国采取宪法修正案技术的根本目的,都是为了维护宪法秩序的稳定,而不是为了保持宪法原文的不变。宪法修正案技术的实质就在于,它代表了一种对宪法秩序影响较小的低强度修宪方式。尽管我国宪法修正案技术在实践形式上采取了一些独特的做法,如其通过方式不是“逐条表决”而是一揽子通过,其表述方式不是独立条款式的而是决议式的,然而,就本质而言,这些带有差异的实践形式只是在不同历史条件下为实现宪法稳定所采取的不同技术方案。多年的修宪实践证明,我国的宪法修正案技术是维护宪法稳定的重要手段,其对修宪内容在实质意义、结构形式以及效力范围上形成了明确的规范意义,正逐渐发展成为一种体现中国实际、具有中国特色的修宪方式。Since 1988,the method of revising the Constitution in China is called the technique of amendment to the Constitution,but often criticized for not living up to its name.The reason is that the amendment to the constitution cannot"keep the original text of the Constitution unchanged"as Amendments to the United States Constitution.In fact,the fundamental purpose of adopting the technique of amendment to the Constitution by China and the United States is to maintain the stability of the constitutional order,rather than to keep the original text of the Constitution unchanged.The essence of the technique of amendment to the Constitution is that it represents a low-intensity way to amend the constitution with less impact on the constitutional order.Although the technique of amendment to the Constitution in China enjoys some unique approaches in practical form,including that it is not passed by"article-by-article vote"but in a package,and it is not expressed in the form of separate articles but in the form of a resolution.But in essence,these different forms of practice are only different technical solutions to achieve constitutional stability under different historical conditions.The practice of revising the Constitution in these years has proved that the technique of amendment to the Constitution of China is an important means to maintain constitutional stability,and it has formed a clear normative meaning for the content of revising the Constitution in terms of its substantive significance,structural form and scope of effect,and is gradually developing into a way of revising the Constitution that reflects China’s reality and enjoys Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：修宪方式 宪法修正案 宪法原文 宪法稳定 宪法修正文本 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]