黄檗开花与结实性状的研究  

Study on Flowering and Fruiting Traits of Phellodendron amurense

作　　者：孙玉福[1] 包颖 王连奎[1] 宋玥娇 SUN Yufu;BAO Ying;WANG Liankui;SONG Yuejiao(Sanchazi Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province,Baishan 134324,China;Jilin Provincial Forestry Technology Popularizing Station,Changchun 130022,China;Key State-owned Forest Technology Service Center of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省三岔子林业局,吉林白山134324 [2]吉林省林业科技推广站,吉林长春130022 [3]吉林省重点国有林技术服务中心,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《吉林林业科技》2021年第4期1-5,30,共6页Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：本文对黄檗开花与结实性状进行了研究,结果表明:长春城市群体不同年份开花时间为5月下旬至6月上旬,花期变动于9~11 d,平均10 d,单株花期6 d;靖宇山地群体不同年份开花时间为6月上旬至下旬,花期变动于12~14 d,平均13 d,开花时间较长春城市群体晚10~15 d。长春城市群体不同年份花前≥10℃有效积温变动于514~597℃,平均576℃;靖宇山地群体变动于601~685℃,平均652℃。花前有效积温的高低是影响开花时间早晚的主要环境因子,在相对有限的地理区域内,低纬度山区的黄檗开花时间要晚于高纬度的平原地区。传粉受精后,子房开始迅速膨大,果实发育至第42 d时,平均横径9 mm、纵径10 mm,最大横径11 mm、纵径12 mm,最小横径7 mm、纵径8 mm,至此体量不再增加直至成熟,早期发育快于晚期。果实未成熟时均为绿色,至8月下旬果皮开始泛黄,并逐渐出现蓝黑色,至9月下旬呈蓝黑色,完成生理与形态成熟;10月上旬开始有果实凋落,至11月末基本全部凋落,相同时间内不同母树间落果量存在差异。各雌株果实成熟时鲜重差异显著,5号雌株最重(每300枚质量为276.81 g),为2号雌株(每300枚质量为110.68 g)的2.5倍。结实有大小年现象,长春市栽培群体每2年或3年丰收一次;同年株间结实状态高度同步,但结实量差异显著。The flowering and fruiting traits of Phellodendron amurense were studied in this paper.The results showed that the flowering of urban population with different years in Changchun was from late May to early June,and the flowering period varied from 9 to 11 days,with an average of 10 days,and the flowering period per plant was 6 days.The flowering of mountain population with different years in Jingyu was from early to late June,and the flowering period varied from 12 to 14 days,with an average of 13 days,and the flowering time was later than Changchun urban population with 10 to 15 days.The effective accumulated temperature of Changchun urban population with the temperature from March to the day before flowering≥10℃ in different years varied from 514 to 597℃,with an average of 576℃,the effective accumulated temperature of the mountain population in Jingyu fluctuated from 601 to 685℃,with an average of 652℃.The effective accumulated temperature before flowering was the main environmental factor that affected the time of flowering.In a relatively limited geographic area,the flowering time of Phellodendron amurense in lo w-latitude mountainous areas was later than that in high-latitude plains.After pollination,the ovary began to expand rapidly.When the fruits developed to the 42nd day,the average horizontal diameter was 9 mm,the average vertical diameter was 10 mm,the maximum horizontal diameter was 11 mm,the maximum vertical diameter was 12 mm,and the minimum horizontal diameter was 7 mm and the minimum vertical diameter was 8 mm.At this point,the body did not increase until it matured,and the early development was faster than the late.The fruits were green when they were immature,and the peel began to turn yellow in late August,and gradually appeared blue-black,by late September,it was blue-black,and the fruit had completed physiological and morphological maturity.The fruit began to fall in early October and at the end of November,all of them fell.There were differences in amount of fruit falling between

关 键 词：黄檗 开花 结实 性状 有效积温 

分 类 号：S792.31[农业科学—林木遗传育种]