风险视阈下环境犯罪法益保护及行为构造——以污染环境罪为例  

Legal interest protection and behavior construction of environmental crime from the perspective of risk:Taking crime of environmental pollution for example

作　　者：张瑞萍 赵凤宁 ZHANG Ruiping;ZHAO Fengning(Environmental Law School,Gansu University of Political Science and Law,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学环境法学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2021年第7期118-126,共9页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“生态恢复性司法的实证考察与制度完善”(19BFX184);2021年甘肃省“双一流”建设重大科研项目“黄河流域生态保护协同治理的法治保障研究”;2021年甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金项目“基于协同治理的黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究”。

摘　　要：风险社会给人类发展带来了诸多问题,其中环境风险关系到人类的存亡与命运。《刑法修正案(八)》的出台将之前《刑法》第338条规定的“重大环境污染事故罪”修改为“污染环境罪”,透露着我国严格治理污染环境犯罪的决心,也表现了污染环境犯罪的保护法益论从人类中心法益论向生态学下的人类中心法益论的转变。在污染环境罪中,由于行为犯和结果犯的区分标准不同,导致其行为构造在实践中存在着行为犯和结果犯同时出现的现象,对此问题应结合人类法益和生态法益来具体分析。为规范污染环境犯罪,解决当前环境犯罪罪名体系过窄、环境犯罪证明规则缺失、环境犯罪归责原则不完善等问题,可采取借鉴域外法律扩大罪名体系、设立因果关系推定规则、规定严格责任原则等措施。The risk society brings many problems to human development,in which environmental risk is related to the survival and fate of mankind.The promulgation of the Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)changes the“crime of major environmental pollution accident”stipulated in article 338 of the Criminal Law to“crime of environmental pollution”,which indicates China’s determination to strictly control the crime of environmental pollution.It also shows the change of the theory of legal interest of environmental pollution crime from the theory of anthropocentric legal interest to the theory of anthropocentric legal interest in ecology.In the crime of environmental pollution,due to the difference in the standard of distinction between the act crime and the result crime,there is the phenomenon that the behavior structure of the act and the result crime appear at the same time in practice.At present,such problems as the narrow crime system of environmental crimes,the lack of rules for proving environmental crimes,and the imperfect principle of imputation of environmental crimes can be regulated by referring to foreign laws to expand the crime system,establish the rule of presumption of causality,and stipulate the principle of strict liability.

关 键 词：环境法益 污染环境罪 行为构造 因果关系推定 严格责任原则 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]