国际组织中“协商一致”表决制度适用困境及其消解路径  

The Dilemma of the Application of the“Consensus”Voting System in International Organizations and Its Solution

作　　者：简基松[1] 董祥宇 JIAN Jisong;DONG Xiangyu

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法硕中心,湖北武汉430073 [2]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2021年第4期50-59,共10页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(202010688)。

摘　　要："协商一致"表决制度作为国际组织表决机制中的新发展模式,其主要运行机制是在采取协商方式基础上,通过共商、互让解释的途径最终达成合意性决议结果。在实际进程中,该制度依然存在着一定的不足之处,如表决过程时间成本高昂、表决内容不明确以及表决通过的表象一致性。这些问题的成因可通过以"交往理性"为核心的经典理论范式进行诠释。由该理论可知,"协商一致"表决机制存在的不足分别受到"交往理性化"的时间限制、商榷机制影响以及"共识真理论"的桎梏。为此,有必要通过将"共同利益诉求"作为国际组织吸纳成员国参与表决事项之准则、以"是否实现利益最优化"为标准衡量决议事项、适用双重"共识真理论"以降低不明确性及设立"协商代表制"提高决议通过及执行效率的方式,完善"协商一致"表决制度中的不足,以便更好地使国际组织便捷、高效通过表决事项,为国际组织的稳定有序发展奠定坚实基础。The"consensus"voting system is a new development model in the voting mechanism of international organizations.Its main operating mechanism is to finally reach a consensus resolution through consultation,mutual concession,and interpretation on the basis of negotiation.In the actual process,the system still has certain shortcomings,such as the lag of the voting process,the ambiguity of the voting content,and the consistency of the appearance of voting.There are many possibilities for the cause of the problem,and the one with a strong degree of correlation is undoubtedly the classical theoretical paradigm centered on"Communicative Reason".Through the analysis of the theory,it can be seen that the deficiencies of the"consensus"voting mechanism are affected by the time limit of"communication rationalization",the influence of the negotiation mechanism,and the shackles of the"consensus true theory".For this reason,it is necessary to adopt"community appeal"as the criterion for international organizations to absorb member states,measure resolutions based on the standard of"whether the benefit is optimized",apply the double"consensus true theory"to reduce ambiguity and establish a"consultative representation system",improve the efficiency of resolutions and implementation,and improve the deficiencies in the"consensus"voting system so as to better conform to the application of rules of international organizations in voting matters,and lay a solid foundation for the stable and orderly development of international organizations.

关 键 词：协商一致 现实困境 交往行为理性化 对策 共同利益诉求 

分 类 号：D813[政治法律—国际关系]