大豆杂种优势分析及强优势组合的筛选  

Analysis of Soybean Heterosis and Screening of Strong Heterosis Combination

作　　者：白志元 杨玉花 张瑞军 BAI Zhiyuan;YANG Yuhua;ZHANG Ruijun(Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业基因资源研究中心,农业农村部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,杂粮种质资源发掘与遗传改良山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2021年第8期903-907,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101500,2016YFD0101504);山西省面上青年基金项目(201901D211565);山西省农业科学院优秀青年基金项目(YCX2020YQ58)。

摘　　要：为了探明三系杂交大豆的杂种优势情况,试验以山西农业大学农业基因资源研究中心大豆课题组选育的三系大豆杂交组合与对应的保持系和恢复系为材料,通过测定株高、主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒质量和产量,分析大豆杂交种较保持系和恢复系的杂种优势指数、中亲优势和超亲优势,筛选比对照增产12%的强优势组合。结果表明,大豆杂交种较保持系和恢复系在株高、主茎节数、百粒质量和产量指标上均存在较大的杂种优势指数、中亲优势和超亲优势,各个组合间差异较大。以产量为例,杂种优势指数平均为121.1%,变幅为88.7%~148.1%;中亲优势平均为20.4%,变幅为-11.3%~48.1%;超亲优势平均为10.2%,变幅为-18.4%~46.1%。表明大豆有较强的杂种优势,利用杂种优势提高大豆产量切实可行。2 a共筛选出10个比对照增产12%的杂交组合,特别是杂交组合H3A×TH40的2 a产量都表现优异,为下一步的品种审定及大面积的推广示范奠定基础。To find out the heterosis of three line hybrid soybean,taking three-line soybean hybrids and corresponding maintainer lines and restorer lines as materials,which selected by the soybean research group of Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research,Shanxi Agriculture University,the heterosis index,mid parent heterosis and super parent heterosis of soybean hybrids compared with maintainer lines and restorer lines were analyzed by measuring plant height,node number of main stem,branch number,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100 seed quality and yield.The strong superior combination with 12%yield increase was selected.The results showed that the heterosis index,mid parent heterosis and super parent heterosis existed in plant height,node number of main stem,100 seed quality and yield index of soybean hybrids compared with maintainer lines and restorer lines.There were great differences among different combinations.Taking yield as an example,the average heterosis index was 121.1%,the range was 88.7%-148.1%.The average mid parent heterosis was 20.4%,the range was-11.3%-48.1%.The average super parent heterosis was 10.2%,and the variation range was-18.4%-46.1%.It indicated that soybean had strong heterosis,and it was promising to use heterosis to improve soybean yield.Ten more than 12%hybrid combinations were selected in the two years,especially the H3A×TH40 combination had excellent yield in two years,which laid the foundation for the next step of variety approval and large-scale promotion and demonstration.

关 键 词：大豆 杂种优势 强优势组合 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]