冀西北不同生态区燕麦育种模式研究与改进  

Study and Improvement of Oat Breeding Model for Different Ecological Conditions in Northwestern Hebei

作　　者：刘睿敏 耿健 王德权 曲志华 葛军勇 李云霞 左文博 LIU Ruimin;GENG Jian;WANG Dequan;QU Zhihua;GE Junyong;LI Yunxia;ZUO Wenbo(Zhangjiakou Supervision&Test Center for Agriculture Product Quality,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Funing District,Qinhuangdao City,Qinhuangdao 066300,China;Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农产品质量安全监督检验中心,河北张家口075000 [2]秦皇岛市抚宁区农业农村局,河北秦皇岛066300 [3]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2021年第8期912-918,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-A-3);张家口市重点研发计划农业领域技术攻关专项(1921010C)。

摘　　要：冀西北坝上地区及坝下高寒地区是我国燕麦生产最集中的主产区之一,年播种面积13.3万hm^(2)以上,占当地粮食作物播种面积的50%以上,燕麦育种成效直接关系到该区农牧业生产的发展。在回顾燕麦育种工作基础上,通过长期大田科研实践,对该区的燕麦育种提出了以下建议:一是明确了水浇地和肥沃阴滩地、一般平滩地和肥坡地、瘠薄旱平地和旱坡地3种不同生态类型区与品种特征特性的相关性,从而提出了应根据不同生态类型区特点选育与之相适应品种的育种理念;二是针对性的提出了如何识别不同生态类型区的品种性状、选择亲本和配制杂交组合、选择杂交后代材料的育种技术;三是指出在3种生态环境进行杂交后代选择时,如何根据生态条件及杂交后代的性状表现进行正确识别和选择;四是探讨了利用新的作物育种技术快速、高效、精准、针对性地进行燕麦育种。The Bashang area and Baxia alpine area in northwest Hebei are one of the main porducing areas with the most concentrated oat production in China.The annual sowing area of oats is more than 133000 hm^(2),accounting for more than 50%of the sowing area of local grain crops.The effect of oat breeding is directly related to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in this area.Based on the review of oat breeding work and the long-term scientific research practice in the field,the following suggestions were put forward for oat breeding in this area.First,three different ecological types of irrigated land and fertile shady beach land,general flat beach land and fertile slope land,barren dry flat land and dry slope land and their correlation with variety characteristics were defined.The idea of breeding suitable varieties according to the characteristics of different ecological types was put forward.The second was to put forward the breeding technology of how to identify the variety characters in different ecological types,select parents and prepare hybrid combinations,and select the materials of hybrid offspring.Thirdly,it pointed out how to correctly identify and select the hybrid offspring according to the ecological conditions and the character performance of the hybrid offspring when selecting the hybrid offspring in three ecological environments.Fourthly,it discussed the rapid,efficient,accurate and targeted oat breeding by using the new crop breeding technology.

关 键 词：燕麦 育种模式 生态类型区 冀西北 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]