生态环境和打顶对烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势的影响  

Effects of Ecological Environment and Topping on Heterosis of Nicotine Content in Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：田宗林 喻奇伟 姜超英 郑登峰 熊晶 滕建辉 陈倩 罗雯 莫泽君 段丽丽 刘仁祥 TIAN Zonglin;YU Qiwei;JIANG Chaoying;ZHENG Dengfeng;XIONG Jing;TENG Jianhui;CHEN Qian;LUO Wen;MO Zejun;DUAN Lili;LIU Renxiang(Guizhou University,Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research,Guiyang 550025,China;Bijie Tobacco Company,Bijie Guizhou 551700,China;Guizhou Tobacco Company,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [3]贵州省烟草公司,贵阳550001

出　　处：《种子》2021年第7期104-109,共6页Seed

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于代谢物流向解析烟草烟碱杂种优势形成的生理与分子机制”(32060510);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划——百层次人才(黔科合平台人才[2016]5663号);贵州省重点基金“烟碱杂种优势形成的分子机理研究”(黔科合基础[2019]1405号);贵州省烟草公司科技项目“毕节特色烤烟品种选育研究”(201904)。

摘　　要：杂种优势利用是提高作物产量和品质的一种重要育种方法,明确生态条件和打顶措施对杂种优势的影响,对提高烟草杂种优势研究利用效率有重要意义。本试验以烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势相差较大的3个杂交组合及其亲本为材料,选择生态条件差异较大的3个生态试验点,研究了不同生态环境和打顶措施对烟叶烟碱含量、烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势及其相关基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明,不同生态环境间的烟叶烟碱含量差异显著,烟株打顶前后烟叶烟碱含量发生了显著的变化,打顶处理的烟叶烟碱含量显著高于不打顶处理;不同生态环境、打顶和不打顶处理间的烟叶烟碱含量的中亲优势值差异不显著,而超亲优势值、超标优势值差异显著;不同生态环境、打顶和不打顶处理间,烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势相关的PMT、AO、QS基因的中亲优势表达量相差也不显著,与处理间中亲优势值的表现差异一致。结果表明,在选用中亲优势作为度量指标进行杂种优势的遗传研究中,可不考虑生态环境和打顶的影响,在一个试验点对双亲及F1采用相同的农艺措施就能获得较为准确的鉴定结果;而在选用超亲优势、超标优势作为度量指标进行杂交种应用潜力评价中,需在不同生态环境、不同农艺措施下进行鉴定。The utilization of heterosis is an important breeding method to improve crop yield and quality. It is of great significance to clarify the effects of ecological conditions and toping measures on heterosis for improving the utilization efficiency of tobacco heterosis. In this study, three hybrid combinations and their parents with significantly different nicotine content were used as materials to study the effects of different ecological environment and toping measures on nicotine content, heterosis of nicotine content in tobacco leaves and relative expression levels of related genes under three experimental sites with different ecological conditions. The results showed that the nicotine content of tobacco leaves in different ecological environments was significantly different, and the nicotine content of tobacco leaves changed significantly before and after topping. Meanwhile, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves in topping treatment was significantly higher than that in non-topping treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in the median parental advantage value of nicotine content between different ecological environments, topping and no topping treatments, but significant difference in the over-parental advantage value and over-standard advantage value. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of PMT, AO and QS genes related to heterosis of nicotine content between different ecological environments and treatments with and without topping, which were consistent with the differences in parental predominance between treatments. In addition, the results showed that, in the genetic study of heterosis using parental dominance as a metric index, without considering the effects of ecological environment and toping, using the same agronomic measures for both parents and F1 in one test site could obtain more accurate identification results. However, in the evaluation of the application potential of hybrids, the advantages of over-parental and over-standard should be identified under diffe

关 键 词：烟碱 杂种优势 生态环境 打顶 基因表达量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]