关系动机驱动自我呈现策略的跨文化逆反效应——基于在美中国旅居者社交媒体使用的实证研究  

Intercultural Retrogressive Effect of the Driving Force of Relationship Motivation on Self-Presentation Strategies: An Empirical Study on Chinese Sojourners’ Use of Social Media in USA

作　　者：杨恬[1] 张放 YANG Tian;ZHANG Fang(School of Overseas Education,Sichuan University;School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University;Journalism,Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学海外教育学院 [2]南京大学社会学院 [3]四川大学新闻学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2021年第6期73-97,共25页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

基　　金：四川大学创新火花项目库项目“在美中国旅居者在社交媒体上的自我呈现:动机、策略与效果”(项目编号:2018hhs-24);国家社会科学基金西部项目“‘互联网+’影响下的中国传统节日习俗传承变迁与文化转型研究”(项目编号:19XSH015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：跨文化语境下旅居者的传播行为呈现出动态性的、权宜性的复杂特征,而已有研究对旅居者传播行为的讨论偏于泛化或类型化。本研究对528名在美中国旅居者社交媒体使用进行问卷调查,数据显示,旅居者的关系动机对自我呈现策略的驱动呈现出如下特征:第一,在中国社交媒体平台上,维持国内关系动机主要驱动积极主动型呈现策略;而在美国社交媒体平台上,发展与美国人的关系驱动的是保护防御型呈现策略。第二,发展华人关系动机在中国社交媒体平台上仅驱动保护防御型呈现策略;在美国社交媒体平台上则主要驱动积极主动型呈现策略。以上现象可称之为"跨文化逆反效应"。"跨文化逆反效应"的发现揭示了跨文化语境下社会交往与人际关系中关系动机与自我呈现策略之间的联动机制,这一效应得以拓展身份协商理论的解释路径,并清晰界定与细分出了典型化的身份协商策略。The communication behavior of sojourners presents the complex characteristics of dynamicity and expediency in the intercultural context, yet existing studies tend to generalize or categorize the communication behavior of sojourners.Based on the survey data of 528 Chinese sojourners’ social media use in the United States, this study shows that the driving force of relationship motivation on self-presentation strategies presents the following characteristics: First, on Chinese social media platform, motivation of maintaining domestic relationships mainly drives proactive presentation strategy;on American social media platform, motivation of developing relationships with Americans drives defensive presentation strategy.Second, the motivation of developing relationships with Chinese Americans only drives defensive presentation strategy on Chinese social media platform, while it mainly drives proactive presentation strategy on American social media platform.The above two characteristics can be conceptualized as "intercultural retrogressive effect".The discovery of this effect reveals the linkage mechanism between relationship motivation and self-presentation strategy of social communication and interpersonal relationships in intercultural context, which can expand interpretation path of identity negotiation theory, as well as clearly define and subdivide typical identity negotiation strategies.

关 键 词：在美中国旅居者 社交媒体 身份协商 跨文化逆反效应 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] C912.1[经济管理]