以自我效能理论为指导的健康宣教对孕产妇母乳喂养自我效能及产后乳房肿胀率的影响  

Effects of health education guided by self-efficacy theory on self-efficacy of breast­feeding and postpartum breast swelling rate of pregnant and parturient women

作　　者：魏海燕[1] 王猛[2] 孙亚峰[2] Wei Haiyan;Wang Meng;Sun Yafeng(Office of Hospital Infection Management,Tanghe County People's Hospital,Henan Province,473400,China;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Tanghe County People's Hospital,Henan Province,473400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省唐河县人民医院医院感染管理办公室,473400 [2]河南省唐河县人民医院妇产科,473400

出　　处：《国际护理学杂志》2021年第14期2550-2554,共5页international journal of nursing

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(2018062381)。

摘　　要：目的探讨以自我效能理论为指导的健康宣教对孕产妇母乳喂养自我效能及产后乳房肿胀率的影响。方法选取2018年7月至2019年6月妊娠34周的孕妇126例,随机分为指导组与对照组,各63例。对照组门诊常规给予母乳喂养健康教育,指导组在常规健康教育基础上,由产科护士进行以自我效能理论为指导的健康宣教。妊娠34周37周及产后1 w评估母乳喂养知晓情况,妊娠34周、37周,产后1w、1个月及3个月采用母乳喂养自我效能简式评价母乳喂养自我效能,产后3 d比较乳房肿胀率,产后1 w、1个月及3个月比较母乳喂养率。结果两组健康宣教后母乳喂养知晓得分均逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);妊娠37周及产后1w指导组母乳喂养知晓得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组健康宣教后母乳喂养自我效能技能维度得分与内心维度得分均逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);妊娠37周、产后1 w、1个月及3个月指导组技能维度得分与内心维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。产后3d指导组乳房肿胀率(34.9%)明显低于对照组(52.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着产后时间延长对照组纯母乳喂养的比例均逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);指导组产后1周1个月及3个月的纯母乳喂养率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以自我效能理论为指导的健康宣教明显提高了孕产妇母乳喂养知晓率及自我效能水平,同时降低了产后乳房肿胀发生率,延缓了纯母乳喂养下降程度。Objective To explore the influence of health education guided by self-efficacy theory on self-effi­cacy of breastfeeding and postpartum breast swelling rate of pregnant women.Methods A total of 126 pregnant women with 34 weeks of gestation from July 2018 to June 2019 were randomly divided into the guidance group and the control group,with 63 cases in each group.The control group was routinely given health education on breastfeeding,while the guidance group was given health education guided by self-efficacy theory by obstetric nurses on the basis of routine health education.Breastfeeding awareness was assessed at 34 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation and 1 week after delivery.Breastfeeding self-efficacy was evaluated briefly at 34 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation and 1 week,1 month and 3 months after delivery.Breastfeeding swelling rate was compared at 3 days after delivery,and breastfeeding rate was com­pared at 1 week,1 month and 3 months after delivery.Results After health education,the scores of breastfeeding awareness in both groups increased gradually,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).At 37 weeks of gestation,1 week,1 month and 3 months postpartum,the scores of skill dimension and inner dimension in the guidance group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After health promotion and education,scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy skill dimension and scores of inner dimension in­creased gradually in both groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of skill dimen­sion and inner dimension in the guidance group were higher than those in the control group at 37 weeks of gestation,1 week postpartum,1 month postpartum and 3 months postpartum,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The breast swelling rate of 3 days postpartum guidance group(34.9%)was significantly lower than that of con­trol group(52.4%),and the difference was statistically significant(F<0.05).With the prolongati

关 键 词：自我效能 健康宣教 孕产妇 母乳喂养 乳房肿胀 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]