孤立波漫坝模型试验研究  

Experiments on Solitary Wave Overtopping at Rigid Dam

作　　者：高红艳[1] 唐英敏[1] 赵立飞 GAO Hongyan;TANG Yingmin;ZHAO Lifei(Sichuan College of Architectural Technology,Deyang 618000,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川建筑职业技术学院,四川德阳618000 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《人民黄河》2021年第8期48-51,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109149)。

摘　　要：水库环境中发生的滑坡涌浪或洪水波传播到大坝附近时会沿着坝体继续爬升,严重时可能会发生漫坝。漫坝水流对下游所造成的危害往往是毁灭性的。为了研究冲击波漫坝时的水力特征,在试验水槽中用孤立波来模拟涌浪漫坝过程。试验中发现孤立波最大漫坝高度发生在坝顶紧靠迎水坡处,且各漫坝指标与静水深度、相对波高、坝前角度、坝顶宽度等控制参数有关。通过对无量纲参数的多元回归分析,建立了漫坝体积、最大漫坝高度和漫坝持续时间的经验计算公式,揭示了孤立波漫坝水力特性与各控制参数间的关系,可为大坝设计及水库漫坝险情应急处理提供参考。Landslide surge occurred in reservoir wasting into the dam generates so-called impulse waves.These waves run up onto shores and may overtop dams which often causes devastating damage to the downstream of the dam.This research dealt with solitary waves to model the overtopping process in a two-dimensional laboratory-scale test setup for studying the hydraulic characteristics of dam overtopping.It was found that the maximum wave overtopping depth locates at the dam crest.The indexes of wave overtopping were related to the governing parameters of still-water depth,relative wave amplitude,dam front face angle and dam crest width.The predictive equations for overtopping volume,maximum overtopping depth and wave overtopping duration were derived in this study by using a multi-variable regression analysis of the dimensionless parameters,which revealed the relationship between hydraulic characteristics and control parameters.This study provided a theoretical basis for dam design and emergency treatment for dam overtopping.

关 键 词：孤立波 漫坝 模型试验 无量纲分析 

分 类 号：TV135.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]