滴灌施肥对温室油桃产量及水肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization Levels on Yield and Water and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Greenhouse Nectarine

作　　者：张鹏[1] 曹红霞[1] 张建锴 胡笑涛[1] ZHANG Peng;CAO Hongxia;ZHANG Jiankai;HU Xiaotao(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas Subordinated to the Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2021年第8期152-158,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTZDNY-01-05);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204)。

摘　　要：以温室油桃为试验材料,探明滴灌施肥条件下,不同灌水和施肥水平对油桃产量及水肥利用的影响。试验设置3个灌水水平,W1(90%θ_(f))、W2(75%θ_(f))、W3(60%θ_(f))(θ_(f)为田间持水量),当任一水分处理的土壤含水率达灌水下限50%θ_(f)时开始统一灌水;设置3个NPK施肥水平:F1(130%F2)、F_(2)(N 200 kg/hm^(2)+P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)+K_(2)O 240 kg/hm^(2))、F3(70%F2),完全组合,并以当地灌水施肥方式为对照(CK)。结果表明:CK的产量较低,水肥利用效率低,滴灌施肥油桃产量、水分利用效率、偏肥料生产力受灌水和施肥水平及交互效应影响显著(P<0.05)。低水低肥处理产量均较低,中水W2和中肥F2水平促进了产量的增加,而W1和F1水平增产效应不明显,甚至出现负效应;水分利用效率随灌水水平的提高先增后减,W1下各施肥水平的差异不明显,W2下F2水平的值最高,F3最低,W3下2017年和2018年的变化规律不同;对于偏肥料生产力,在同一施肥水平下,均由W3到W2而变大,W1水平的效应不稳定,在同一灌水水平下,高肥F1的值最小。经非线性模型拟合,得出基于高产、节水、节肥的灌水和施肥量范围分别为750~900 m^(3)/hm^(2)和510~610 kg/hm^(2)。By using nectarine trees in greenhouse as experimental material,the effects of different irrigation and fertilization levels on nectarine yield,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip fertigation were studied.Three irrigation levels were set in the experiment,W1(90%θ_(f)),W2(75%θ_(f))and W3(60%θ_(f)),irrigation event began together when the soil moisture content of any treatment approached the lower limit of 50%θ_(f);three NPK fertilization levels were set:F1(130%F2),F2(N 200 kg/hm^(2)+P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)+K_(2)O 240 kg/hm^(2)),F3(70%F2),which were completely combined and the local irrigation and fertilization method(CK)was set as the contrast.The results show that the yield of CK is low and it’s using of water and fertilizer is also inefficient.The yield,water utilization efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of nectarine under drip fertigation are significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization level and interaction effect(P<0.05).The treatments with low-water and fertilizer amount have lower fruit yield than others.The yield is increased with irrigation level W2 and fertilization level F2,but the increasing effects are not obvious with W1 and F1 level and even show negative effects.Water utilization efficiency is increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation level.There is no significant difference in fertilization levels under W1.Under W2 level,the value of F2 level is the highest and F3 is the lowest and the effect of W3 is different in the two years.For partial fertilizer productivity,it increases from W3 to W2 at the same fertilization level,while the effect of W1 level is unstable.At the same irrigation level,the value of high fertilization level F1 is the smallest.According to the fitting of non-linear model,the irrigation and fertilization ranges based on the target of high yield,the water and fertilizer saving are 750-900 m^(3)/hm^(2)and 510-610 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：滴灌施肥 温室油桃 产量 水肥利用效率 回归拟合 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S628[农业科学—农业工程]