输注血小板常见相关疾病的血小板抗体阳性率及影响因素的回顾性研究  

Platelet antibody positive rate and influencing factors in common related diseases of platelet transfusion:A retrospective study

作　　者：吴燕[1] 涂欢 詹廷西[1] 李鑫[1] 余泽波[1] WU Yan;TU Huan;ZHAN Tingxi;LI Xin;YU Zebo(Department of Blood Transfusion,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Universityy Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院输血科,重庆400016

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2021年第7期735-738,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的探讨常见输注血小板疾病的血小板抗体产生情况及其影响因素。方法以2018年1月~2020年6月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院申请输注血小板的患者为研究对象,采用固相凝集法检测患者血小板抗体,分析常见输注血小板疾病的血小板抗体阳性率产生情况及血小板抗体阳性率较高的疾病类型。结果血小板抗体在常见输注血小板患者中的总体阳性率为15.0%(220/1 471),年龄段(21~40岁)血小板抗体阳性率(21.5%)(54/251)相对其他年龄组较高(P<0.05),女性患者血小板抗体阳性率(18%)(128/712)高于男性患者(12.1%)(92/759)(P<0.05),有输血史和妊娠史的患者血小板抗体阳性率也相对较高。在常见输注血小板的各个疾病里肿瘤,血液及造血器官疾病,消化系统等3类疾病的血小板抗体阳性率较高,分别为24.0%(57/294)、18.3%(47/215)、16.6%(30/181)。常见输注血小板疾病中血小板抗体阳性率差异较大,其中有输血史疾病组里,髓样白血病血小板抗体阳性率(48.7%)(19/39)高于其他组(P<0.05);无输血史疾病组,肝衰竭,不可归类在他处者的血小板抗体阳性率(46.7%)(7/15)高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论患者年龄段21~40岁和女性患者的血小板抗体阳性率较高。有输血史是产生血小板抗体的危险因素。Objective To explore platelet antibody production and its influencing factors in common platelet transfusion diseases.Methods From January 2018 to June 2020,patients who applied for platelet transfusion in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled.The solid phase agglutination method was used to detect the platelet antibodies of the patients.The platelet antibody positive rate of common platelet transfusion diseases and the types of diseases with higher platelet antibody-positive rates were analyzed.Results The overall positive rate of platelet antibodies in transfusion candidates was 15.0%.The 21~40 years old age patients(21.5%),females(18%)had a significantly higher platelet antibody positive rate than other ages and males(12.1%)(P<0.05).Besides,patients with a history of blood transfusion and pregnancy also had a higher platelet antibody positive rate.Tumors,blood and hematopoietic organ diseases,and digestive system diseases have higher platelet antibody-positive rates,which were 24.0%,18.3%,and 16.6%,respectively.The platelet antibody positive rate varies significantly in common platelet transfusion diseases.As to transfused patients stratified by diseases,the platelet antibody positive rate of myeloid leukemia(48.7%)was higher than that of other diseases(P<0.05).In comparison,the platelet antibody positive rate of non-transfusion patients with liver failure and miscellaneous diseases(46.7%)was higher than that of others(P<0.05).Conclusion The positive rate of platelet antibody is somewhat higher in female,21~40 years old patients.History of blood transfusion is a key risk factor for the production of platelet antibodies.

关 键 词：血小板抗体 疾病分类 影响因素 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R331.143[医药卫生—临床医学]