秸秆错位轮还对大豆根系及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Soil Tillage and Straw Return on Soybean Roots and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：匡恩俊[1] 迟凤琴[1] 张久明[1] 朱宝国[2] 宿庆瑞[1] KUANG En-jun;CHI Fen-qin;ZHANG Jiu-ming;ZHU Bao-guo;SU Qing-rui(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province/Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center,Harbin 150086,China;Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2021年第8期27-33,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300806-2)。

摘　　要：为探索寒区适宜耕作模式,本研究分别采用免耕(NT)、浅翻(ST)、深翻(DT)3种耕作方式与秸秆还田(S)相结合,分析各处理实施2年后对土壤养分和大豆根系形态的影响。结果表明:与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田可不同程度增加初花期大豆根系总根长和根系体积,免耕+秸秆还田(NS)、浅翻+秸秆还田(SS)和深翻+秸秆还田(DS)处理的大豆根系总长度分别比NT、ST和DT提高48.9%、52.0%和20.4%;根系体积分别增加60.0%、27.6%和43.8%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。同时,秸秆还田与不还田处理相比明显增加土壤的土壤微生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)的含量,以20~40 cm土壤层次增加的效果明显。耕作方式、秸秆还田和土壤深度等单因素及互作显著影响土壤有效磷、速效钾和SMBC的含量;耕作方式和土层深度的单因素对有机碳的影响显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,秸秆错位轮还能明显增加深层次土壤的养分,并促进大豆根系的发育。In order to explore the suitable cultivation mode in cold region,No-tillage(NT),shallow tillage(ST),deep tillage(DT),and straw returning(S)were used to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil nutrients and soybean root morphology.The results showed that,compared with non-straw returning treatment,straw returning treatment could increase the total root length and root volume of soybean at the early flowering stage.The total root length of no-tillage with straw returning(NS),shallow tillage with straw returning(SS),and deep tillage with straw returning(DS)treatments were 48.9%,52.0%and 20.4%higher than NT,ST,and DT,respectively.The root volume increased by 60.0%,27.6%and 43.8%respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).At the same time,straw returning treatment significantly increased the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen(SMBC and SMBN)compared with non-straw returning treatment,and the effect was obvious in 20-40 cm soil layer.Single-factor and interaction of tillage methods,straw returning and soil depth significantly affected the contents of soil available phosphorus,available potassium,and SMBC.The effects of tillage methods and soil depth on organic carbon were significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In conclusion,the straw dislocation wheel can significantly increase the nutrients of deep soil and promote the root development of soybean.

关 键 词：耕地方式 秸秆还田 土壤层次 根系形态 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]