放射性核素的治疗应用及展望  

Current Applications and Prospects of Radionuclide for Therapy

作　　者：黄立群 李曙芳[2] 孙鸽[2] 刘欢[2] 李建国[2] 安全[2] 王仲文[1] HUANG Liqun;LI Shufang;SUN Ge;LIU Huan;LI Jianguo;AN Quan;WANG Zhongwen(Department of Radiation Sa fety,China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China;Department of Radiation Medicine and Environment Medicine,China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院辐射安全研究所,北京102413 [2]中国辐射防护研究院放射医学与环境医学研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《同位素》2021年第4期412-420,I0006,共10页Journal of Isotopes

基　　金：国防科工局核能开发项目;山西省面上青年基金项目资助(201901D211578)。

摘　　要：放射性核素是核技术在核医学应用的基础,放射性核素治疗是利用放射性核素衰变释放的各类射线杀伤病变细胞从而达到治疗目的,是癌症等各类疾病的代表性治疗方法。放射性核素的衰变类型、半衰期、生产方式、供应、性质等决定了其在临床的治疗应用及范围。本文对影响治疗放射性核素应用的主要因素进行分析,并对部分核素的临床应用前景进行展望,为治疗用放射性核素的开发及临床应用提供参考。Radionuclide is the basis of nuclear technical application in nuclear medicine.Radionuclide therapy is a representative treatment way for various diseases including cancers,which uses the decay energy of various type of particles released by radionuclide to kill diseased cells and achieve therapeutic purpose.The decay particles have significant differences in range depending on the characteristics,which are suitable for kinds of therapeutic purposes.The emission of α-particles would be ideal for treatment of single tumour cells or micrometastasis,whereas the emission ofβ-particles would be more suitable for larger metastasis or small solid tumours and Auger emitters could be used for therapy when the carrier molecules carry the radionuclide closely enough to their DNA.The type of decay,half-life,production,supply,and properties of radionuclide determine its clinical application and limits.Radionuclides for routine clinical use should be readily available and inexpensive,from this point of view,neutron-rich radionuclides produced in reactors are usually cheaper than accelerator-produced radionuclides.This paper analyzes the main factors which determine the therapy application of radionuclide in clinical and prospects for the therapy application of some nuclides,which provide reference for the development and clinical application of radionuclide therapy.

关 键 词：治疗 放射性核素 应用 

分 类 号：R817[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] TL923[医药卫生—放射医学]