疫情冲击、收入差距与财政政策援助  

The Impact of Epidemic Disaster, Income Gap and Financial Policy Assistance

作　　者：赵恢林 ZHAO Huilin(China Academy of Financial Sciences,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院,北京100142

出　　处：《财经论丛》2021年第8期24-37,共14页Collected Essays on Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目(17XJL006)。

摘　　要：2020年突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情对我国经济造成了极大影响。本文研究了此次新冠肺炎疫情冲击对我国异质性企业就业居民收入差距的影响及其传导机制。研究发现:第一,疫情冲击会使得我国企业的产出、投资、消费和工资下降,然而疫情冲击对劳动密集型企业就业居民收入的负面影响大于对资本密集型企业就业居民收入的影响,使得异质性企业就业居民的收入差距扩大;第二,机制分析发现企业破产概率、劳动边际产出和投资转换能力差异是造成此次疫情冲击对异质性企业就业居民收入影响的根本原因;第三,福利分析发现疫情冲击使得总福利下降,其中劳动密集型企业居民福利损失大于资本密集型企业居民福利损失。政策方面,政府通过对劳动密集型企业和资本密集型企业进行结构性减税、对低收入居民进行工资补贴或发放消费券和鼓励及促进劳动密集型企业进行数字化转型可以有效缓解收入差距的扩大。COVID-19 has been developing rapidly in the world.As of October 23,2020,210 countries and regions reported confirmed cases.The total number of the confirmed cases in China exceeded 90 thousand.Globally,the total number of the confirmed cases exceeded 42 million,and the total number of deaths worldwide was 1.14 million,with a mortality rate of 2.71%.The Chinese government took effective and strict epidemic prevention measures at the early stage of the outbreak,and the domestic epidemic has been basically controlled.However,the impact of the epidemic disaster has had huge shortterm and long-term impacts on China s economy,which can not be ignored,especially on the income gap of Chinese residents.However,few studies have been conducted on the impact of the sudden COVID-19 disaster on the income distribution of the employed residents in different types of enterprises under the unified stochastic general equilibrium framework and their impact mechanisms.Thus it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of the epidemic disaster on the income gap!Based on the objective data,this paper first points out the problem of the income gap in different industries in China,which has become more and more serious with the outbreak of the epidemic.It then takes the heterogeneous enterprises and employment sectors into consideration in the benchmark model of RBC stochastic general equilibrium,and introduces the catastrophic impact of the epidemic situation.Thirdly,the parameter calibration and the Bayesian estimation are used to select the parameters involved in the model to highlight the applicability of the model to simulate reality.Furthermore,the dynamic analysis of the impact and the test of the impact mechanism are carried out.Finally,it makes analysis of the welfare and the policy choice in view of the impact of the epidemic.The main conclusions are as follows.First,the impact of the epidemic disaster will reduce the output,investment,consumption and wages of Chinese enterprises.However,the negativ

关 键 词：疫情冲击 劳动密集型企业 资本密集型企业 收入差距 

分 类 号：F812[经济管理—财政学] F124.7