法益论、危害原理、宪法判断——刑事立法分析框架的比较法考察  

The Theory of Legal Interest,the Principle of Harm and the Judgment of Constitution:A Comparative Study of the Analytical Framework of Criminal Legislation

作　　者： 蔡燊(译) 储陈城(校)[3] Nakamichi Yuki;Cai Shen;Chu Chen-cheng

机构地区：[1]日本早稻田大学社会科学研究科 [2]清华大学法学院 [3]安徽大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2021年第3期142-160,共19页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

摘　　要：世界范围内的刑事立法活性化促使各法域反思传统犯罪化标准,表现为德日刑法对法益立法批判机能的批判、英美刑法对危害原则的质疑。前实定法法益面临着无法从社会契约说直接导出法益与谁能决定法益的问题,而宪法法益面临有效性和妥当性的批判。德国刑事立法中实际违宪审查操作采用的检视工具是比例原则,法益论无法为立法者提供法益保护应以怎样的手段实施的视点。作为法益侵害的镜像,英美刑法中的危害原则也面临着困境,并在实际刑事立法的违宪判决中发展出类似比例原则的论证结构。法益论、危害原理本身不足以承载立法批判机能。将来检视刑事立法的工具应从内外两个方向着眼,即外部界限求诸宪法理论,内部界限则交由刑法理论的“刑事立法分析的二阶段构造”。法益论能明显发挥作用的是该构造下的内部领域,即期待基于法益论提出更好的立法。The worldwide activation of criminal legislation has prompted various jurisdictions to reflect on the traditional standards of criminalization,which is manifested in the criticism of the function of the German and Japanese criminal law on the legislation criticism of legal interests,and the query of the British and American criminal law on the principle of harm.It is difficult to derive legal interest directly from social contract theory and who can determine legal interest.The legal interest of constitution faces the criticism of validity and Appropriateness.The principle of proportionality is used to examine the actual unconstitutional operation in German criminal legislation.The theory of legal interest cannot provide the ideas in how to protect the legal interest.As the mirror image of the infringement of legal interests,the principle of harm in the American criminal law is also facing the situation of collapse,and the argumentation structure of the principle of proportionality is developed in the unconstitutional judgment of the actual criminal legislation.The theory of legal interest and the principle of harm are not enough to be the conclusion of the function of legislative criticism.The future inspection of criminal legislation tools should focus on the internal and external aspects:the external boundary is based on the constitutional theory,and the internal boundary is based on the“two-stage structure of Criminal Legislation Analysis”in criminal law theory.The role of the theory of legal interest can obviously influence the internal discussion area under this structure,which is to put forward better legislation based on the theory of legal interest.

关 键 词：法益 危害原则 立法批判 比例原则 刑事立法 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]