航天器海上伞降回收技术发展与展望  

Spacecraft Parachute Offshore Recovery Development and Prospect

作　　者：何青松 王立武[1,2] 王寒冰 王广兴 房冠辉 HE Qingsong;WANG Liwu;WANG Hanbing;WANG Guangxing;FANG Guanhui(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent and Landing Technology,China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]中国航天科技集团有限公司航天进入、减速与着陆技术实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2021年第4期124-133,共10页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12005014)。

摘　　要：对海上伞降回收的国外发展情况、关键技术以及我国开展海上伞降回收的研究基础和展望进行了介绍。目前,美国是采用海上伞降回收最多的国家,已经成功完成了多种型号飞船返回舱、航天飞机助推器以及整流罩的海上伞降回收。根据航天器海上伞降回收的方案,海上伞降回收的关键技术可分为降落伞气动减速、航天器着水冲击、航天器姿态调整、海上标位以及海上救援回收。基于我国现有的研究基础和技术储备,我国开展海上伞降回收已经具备一定的条件,可为我国未来海上伞降回收的开展提供较好的支撑。为建立完整的海上伞降回收体系,仍需解决航天器海上空投试验以及高海况海上综合试验、海上救援回收体系搭建、溅落海区的选择以及大质量航天器群伞减速技术等问题。In this paper,several aspects about spacecraft parachute offshore recovery are presented,such as the foreign developments,key technologies,and researching basis and prospect of China.Up to date,the United States has successfully completed the parachute offshore recovery of various types of capsules,space shuttle boosters,and fairings,which is more than any other country.According to the scheme of spacecraft parachute offshore recovery,the key technologies of spacecraft parachute offshore recovery can be divided into parachute aerodynamic deceleration,spacecraft water impact,spacecraft attitude adjustment,maritime standard position,and maritime rescue and recovery.Based on the present research basis on spacecraft recovery of China,we have already possessed the capacity to conduct the research on spacecraft parachute ocean recovery,which provides technical support on spacecraft parachute offshore recovery for future development in China.In order to establish a complete parachute offshore recovery system,some problems still need to be solved,such as spacecraft offshore airdrop test,comprehensive test in serious sea states,construction of offshore rescue and recovery system,selection of splashdown area,and deceleration technology of group parachutes.

关 键 词：航天器 海上回收 降落伞减速 着水冲击 海上救援回收 

分 类 号：V57[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]