低轨巨型星座国际协调机制需求分析  

Requirements Analysis on Establishment of International Coordination Mechanisms on LEO Large Constellations

作　　者：刘家川 杜辉[1,2] 王冀莲 刘桔阳 刘畅 郭筱曦 许菁菁[2,4] LIU Jiachuan;DU Hui;WANG Jilian;LIU Juyang;LIU Chang;GUO Xiaoxi;XU JingJing(China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Space Policy and Law Research Center,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;State Radio Monitoring Center,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beijing 100037,China;Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094 [2]中国空间技术研究院空间政策与法律研究中心,北京100094 [3]工业与信息化部国家无线电监测中心,北京100037 [4]北京空间科技信息研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2021年第4期134-141,共8页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：中国空间法学会2019—2020年学术课题。

摘　　要：低轨巨型星座有望对全球航天产业发展带来革命性变化,将对现有外空全球治理机制和规则带来重要改变,开展低轨巨型星座国际协调机制研究对有关新规则发展研究具有重要意义。文章创新性地采用应用层、建设层和影响层3层架构,对低轨巨型星座国际协调需求以及现有国际协调机制的作用与不足进行了较为系统全面的分析。应用层国际协调需求主要包括电信服务市场准入、与地面通信系统融合、提升用户体验等3个方面;建设层国际协调需求主要包括频率轨位协调、设施共享、系统互联互操作、卫星系统研制和发射技术标准化、自由的全球化航天上游市场等5个方面;影响层国际协调需求主要包括应急通信服务、减少数字鸿沟和扶贫、空间碎片、频率干扰响应与处置以及天文观测等5个方面。低轨巨型星座运营商和政府监管机构在国际协调需求方面存在较大差异。未来有可能在国际上形成两种低轨巨型星座协调机制,一种服务于运营商利益,另一种则主要用于解决监管部门的诉求。LEO large constellations are expected to bring revolutionary changes to the global space industry.Changes to the existing global governance mechanisms and rules for outer space activities will definitely follow suit.Therefore,it is of great significance to study international coordination mechanisms on LEO large constellations in order to better research new developments of international space rules.An innovative three-layer framework,which includes the Application layer,the Construction layer and the Influence layer,is proposed and utilized in the analysis of requirements for international coordination mechanisms on LEO large constellations,and also advantages and disadvantages of existing international coordination mechanisms.Requirements for international coordination in the Application layer mainly include access to the telecommunication service market,integration with terrestrial communication systems,and improving user experiences.Requirements for international coordination in the Construction layer mainly include coordination of frequencies and orbital slots,sharing of infrastructures,interconnection and interoperation among different systems,standardization of satellite system developments and launches,and facilitating free and globalized upstream market for space.Requirements for international coordination in the Influence layer mainly reside in emergency communication services,closing the Digital Divide and fighting poverty,space debris,response and disposal of frequency interferences and astronomical observations.Operators of LEO large constellations and regulatory authorities have very different requirements in terms of international coordination.In the long-run,two international coordination mechanisms on LEO large constellations may be established.One is to serve the operators,while the other is to address the concerns of regulatory authorities.

关 键 词：低轨巨型星座 国际协调机制 需求分析 运营商 政府 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]