市场分割与自我保护:英国劳动力市场政策改革的新趋势  

Market Division and Self-protection:New Trend of UK Labor Market Policy Reform

作　　者：昌硕 Chang Shuo

机构地区：[1]中共北京市委党校社会学教研部、北京市人口研究所

出　　处：《财政科学》2021年第6期149-158,160,共11页Fiscal Science

摘　　要：长期以来,英国与欧盟在劳动力市场政策合法性认同、内部劳动力流动与政策适用性方面存在明显分歧。脱欧公投之后,英国以限制欧盟劳动力自由流动与保护境内市场为目标,着手削减积极劳动力市场政策财政投入、调整劳动力市场法律框架与责任主体、加高移民壁垒并构筑严格的市场执行体系。但在新冠疫情等多方因素的冲击下,以上各类市场限制措施正在推动劳动力外流与产业链迁移。短期来看,英国境内普通劳动者将承担较高的转换成本;从长期视角看,英国劳动力市场灵活性与安全性的再平衡面临严峻挑战。对于中国而言,应在思考其经验教训的基础上平衡积极与消极就业政策,完善劳动力市场法律体系,为从业者岗位稳定与就业质量提升提供保障。For a long time,the UK and the EU have had obvious differences in their legitimacy of labor market policies,internal labor mobility,and policy effectiveness.After the Brexit referendum,the United Kingdom has intensively introduced a number of reform measures to restrict the free flow of labor in the EU and protect the domestic market,including reducing financial input for active labor market policies,adjusting the labor market legal framework and responsible entities,and increasing immigration barriers.And build a strict market execution system.However,under the impact of multiple factors such as COVID-19,the above-mentioned various market restriction measures are promoting labor outflow and industrial chain migration.In the short term,ordinary workers in the UK will bear higher switching costs.From the long-term perspective,the rebalancing of flexibility and safety in the internal labor market faces severe challenges.For China,it is necessary to balance active and passive employment policies based on the experience and lessons of the United Kingdom,improve the legal system of the labor market,and provide a guarantee for job stability and employment quality improvement for employees.

关 键 词：英国脱欧 劳动力市场政策 劳动力流动 劳动力市场保护 

分 类 号：F246[经济管理—劳动经济]