广西地方稻种资源的收集与鉴定评价  

Collection,identification and evaluation of rice landraces germplasm resources in Guangxi

作　　者：张宗琼[1] 杨行海[1] 李丹婷[1] 邓国富[2] 郭辉[1] 梁云涛[1] 徐志健[1] 曾宇[2] 夏秀忠[1] 农保选[1] ZHANG Zong-qiong;YANG Xing-hai;LI Dan-ting;DENG Guo-fu;GUO Hui;LIANG Yun-tao;XU Zhi-jian;ZENG Yu;XIA Xiu-zhong;NONG Bao-xuan(Rice Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第5期1183-1190,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动(111721301354052035);广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNSFAA138124,2018GXNSFAA138015,2020GXNSFAA259041)。

摘　　要：【目的】收集鉴定广西地方稻种资源,为广西地方稻种资源保护和利用提供科学依据。【方法】2015─2019年,通过“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”项目的实施,对广西61个县(区、市)188个乡(镇)265个村(屯)的地方稻种资源进行系统调查和收集,对收集资源的分布特点和种质类型进行分析,对各表型性状进行鉴定评价。【结果】从广西各地收集地方稻种资源476份。从水平分布来看,广西地方稻种资源在广西四大稻作区均有分布,稻种资源主要集中分布于融水、上思、凤山、资源、隆林和东兰等6个经济相对不发达的边远地区。从垂直分布上分析,稻种资源主要分布在0~400 m的低海拔地区,收集资源232份,占收集总数的48.74%。广西地方稻种资源多样性丰富,包含籼稻、粳稻、早稻、中晚稻、粘稻、糯稻、水稻、陆稻、深水稻及有色稻等类型,且多数的农艺性状具有较丰富的变异类型。收集及鉴定评价出香糯、米粉特用、大穗、大粒等珍稀特异地方稻种资源9份。【结论】广西地方稻种资源多样性丰富,且普遍具有株高较高、穗粒数多、结实率高的特点。收集、鉴定评价出珍稀特异地方稻种资源9份,可用于产业开发及育种。【Objective】In order to provide a reference for the protection and utilization of rice landraces germplasm resources in Guangxi,Guangxi rice landrace germplasm resources were collected.【Method】From 2015 to 2019,as a subproject of the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resources,conducted a systematic investigation of rice landrace germplasm resources in Guangxi,where 265 villages in 188 towns(townships)of 61 counties(districts and cities)were surveyed.The distribution characteristics and germplasm types of the collected resources were analyzed,and the phenotypic traits were identified and evaluated.【Result】A total of 476 rice landraces were collected in Guangxi.The results showed rice landraces were distributed in four rice cropping region of Guangxi,and the distribution of rice landraces were most concentrated in six remote areas with less developed economy(Rongshui,Shangsi,Fengshan,Ziyuan,Longlin and Donglan).The vertical distribution of rice landraces were mostly concentrated in the low-middle altitude(0-400 m)area,a total of 232 resources were collected,which accounted for 48.74%of total.Guangxi rice landrace were highly genetically diversity which including indica rice,japonica rice,early season rice,mid-late season rice,nonglu tinous rice,glutinous rice,lowland rice,upland rice,deepwater rice,colored rice.Most agronomic traits of rice landrace had abundant variation types.Notably,nine rare and special rice landraces germplasm resources such as fragrant glutinous rice,special rice for rice noodles,large panicle rice and large grain rice were collected,identified and evaluated.【Conclusion】Guangxi rice landrace germplasm resources are highly genetically diversity,most of them has the characteristics of high plant height,many grains per spike,and high rate of fertility.Nine rare and special rice landrace germplasm resources are collected,identified and evaluated,which can be used for commercial development and breeding.

关 键 词：水稻 地方品种 调查与收集 鉴定评价 广西 

分 类 号：S511.029[农业科学—作物学]