OFDI对中国技术创新的实证分析——基于市场化制度视角  

An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between OFDI and Technological Innovation——Based on the Perspective of Market-based Institution

作　　者：卫平[1] 陈佳 Wei Ping;Chen Jia(School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《工业技术经济》2021年第8期3-13,共11页Journal of Industrial Technological Economics

摘　　要：技术创新、对外开放、市场化改革是中国寻求发展突破口绕不开的3个核心关键词。本文从探究OFDI对中国技术创新的影响出发,将市场化制度作为重要的外部吸收环境纳入研究框架体系内,进一步研究其在OFDI对中国技术创新影响过程中的调节作用。为进一步区分技术创新能力的“量”与“质”,本文构建了技术创新产出的两个维度——创新水平和创新效率,并通过指标构建及测算得到我国30个省、市、自治区的创新效率。本文在分别梳理OFDI及市场化制度对创新的影响机制基础上,采用中国2008~2019年30个省、市、自治区的省级面板数据进行实证检验。研究得出,OFDI有助于提高中国技术创新水平,但会在一定程度上抑制创新效率的提高,意味着一味扩大OFDI的规模对中国目前阶段有效提高技术创新能力并不能起到很好的推动作用。市场化制度的发展对提高中国技术创新水平及创新效率都具有显著的促进作用,是中国建设创新型国家必不可少的推动器。在OFDI对技术创新水平和创新效率影响过程中,市场化制度具有相反的调节作用:市场化制度会减弱OFDI对创新水平的促进作用,但在对外资直接投资对创新效率的影响过程中具有正向调节作用。进一步,本文发现OFDI对技术创新的影响及市场化制度在其中的调节作用都存在明显的南北地区差异。Technological innovation,opening up strategy and market-oriented reform are the three key words that lie in front of China when seeking breakthroughs for development.Therefore,this article starts from exploring the influence of OFDI on techno⁃logical innovation and then incorporates the market-based institution as an important external environment for enterprises into the re⁃search framework.The role of market-based institution playing in the relationship of outward foreign direct investment and innova⁃tion has been further studied.In order to further distinguish the“quantity”and“quality”of innovation,two dimensions have been constructed—innovation level and innovation efficiency.The innovation efficiency of 30 provinces,municipalities and autono⁃mous regions has been estimated to make a comparison with the level of innovation output.On the basis of sorting out the influence mechanism of OFDI and market-based institution on innovation,we build regression models using a sample of 330 province-year observations over a ten-year period from 2008 to 2018 in mainland of China,and find that OFDI at the provincial level is associated with increased innovation level but with decreased innovation efficiency,which means merely increasing the scale of OFDI will not effectively promote the overall innovation capabilities in China at current stage.The development of the market-based institution has a significant role in improving both innovation level and innovation efficiency,which is an indispensable impetus to make China a global leader in innovation.The relationship between OFDI and innovation level is weaker when market-based institution is higher.However,the relationship between OFDI and innovation efficiency is stronger when market-based institution is higher.When the sample is further divided into two smaller sample of north and south district of China,we find that the relationship between OFDI and innovation is quite different.

关 键 词：OFDI 创新水平 创新效率 市场化制度 地区差异 调节效应 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济] F832