内蒙古大兴安岭森林可燃物燃烧释放PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子排放特性  

Emission characteristics of water-soluble ions in PM released by forest fuel combustion in Great Xing’an Mountains,Inner Mongolia,China

作　　者：张恒[1] 杨雨 王柏杰 萨如拉[1] 铁牛[1,2] 张秋良 ZHANG Heng;YANG Yu;WANG Bai-jie;SA Ru-la;TIE Niu;ZHANG Qiu-liang(College of Forestry,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古林业科学研究院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第7期2316-2324,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M653807XB);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504003)资助。

摘　　要：研究森林可燃物燃烧释放的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的排放因子对于揭示森林火灾对大气和生态系统的影响至关重要,而水溶性离子是细颗粒物的重要化学成分,对颗粒物的形成具有重要意义。利用自主设计的生物质燃烧系统,模拟内蒙古大兴安岭5种典型乔木(蒙古栎、白桦、兴安落叶松、黑桦、山杨)的3种组成部分(树干、树枝、树皮)及其地表死可燃物(凋落物层、半腐殖质层、腐殖质层)以及3种典型灌木(平榛、二色胡枝子、兴安杜鹃)树枝燃烧,采用ISC1100离子色谱分析仪测定2种燃烧状态(阴燃和明燃)下PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子(Na^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)、K+、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、F^(-)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、NO_(2)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-))的排放因子。结果表明:乔木所有组成部分及其地表死可燃物和灌木树枝燃烧所排放PM_(2.5)中检测到的水溶性离子,阴燃以K+、Cl^(-)和Na^(+)为主要组分,明燃以K+、Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)为主要组分。不同燃烧状态下相同乔木树种及其地表死可燃物和相同灌木排放PM_(2.5)中检测到的水溶性离子总量均存在显著差异。灌木树枝在阴燃期间PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子的排放因子比明燃更高。乔木释放的PM_(2.5)中阳离子与阴离子的比率为1.26,地表死可燃物为1.12,灌木为2.0,表明颗粒物呈碱性。内蒙古大兴安岭的森林大火不会通过释放水溶性离子导致生态系统的酸化。Understanding the emission factors of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))released by forest fuel combustion is important for revealing the impacts of forest fire on atmosphere and ecosystem.Water-soluble ions are important components of fine particulate matter,with great significance to the formation of particulate matter.A self-designed biomass combustion system was used to simulate the combustion of three components(trunks,branches,barks)and their surface dead fuel(litter,semi-humus,humus)of five tree species(Quercus mongolica,Betula platyphylla,Larix gmelinii,Betula dahurica,Populus davidiana)and branches of three shrub species(Corylus heterophylla,Lespedeza bicolor,Rhododendron dauricum)in Great Xing’an Mountains in Inner Mongolia.The water-soluble ion emission factors(Na^(+),NH_(4)^(+),K+,Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),F^(-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),NO_(2)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-))in PM_(2.5)under two combustion conditions(smoldering and flaming)were measured by ISC1100 ion chromatograph.The results showed that for the water-soluble ion detected in PM_(2.5)from combustion of all types of materials,K+,Cl^(-)and Na^(+)were the main components in smoldering,while K+,Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)were the main components in flaming.There was significant difference in the total amount of water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5)from the same type of material under different combustion conditions.During the smoldering period,the emission factor of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_(2.5)of shrub branches was higher than that of flaming.The cation to anion ratio in PM_(2.5)was 1.26 for all trees,1.12 for surface dead fuel of trees,and 2.0 for branch of shrub,indicating that the particulate matter was alkaline.Forest fires in Great Xing’an Mountains could not result in ecosystem acidification by releasing water-soluble ions.

关 键 词：水溶性离子 森林 燃烧状态 PM_(2.5) 排放特性 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]