不同技术迭代对太子参连作障碍的消减效果及作用机制  

Effects of different technical substitutions on reducing replant disease of Radix pseudostellariae and the underlying mechanism

作　　者：焦艳阳 林煜 蔡昭莹 吴蕙明 杨娟 吴红淼 林生 林文雄 JIAO Yan-yang;LIN Yu;CAI Zhao-ying;WU Hui-ming;YANG Juan;WU Hong-miao;LIN Sheng;LIN Wen-xiong(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring,Fuzhou 350002,China;School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricutural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院/福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室,福州350002 [2]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第7期2485-2495,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0121800);国家自然科学基金项目(U1205021,81573530,31401950);福建农林大学校科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2017308)资助。

摘　　要：太子参是一种以根部入药的传统中药材,其在人工单一集约化种植过程中表现出严重的连作障碍现象。为了探索有效克服这一问题的技术方法,本研究以太子参为材料,通过种植太子参后采用休耕(RP-F-RP)、休耕配施专用微生物菌肥(RP-F-BF)、淹水(RP-WF)、淹水落干后配施专用微生物菌肥(RP-WF-BF)4种技术迭代处理组合,并以新植太子参(正茬)为对照,研究不同技术迭代处理方式对连作下太子参土壤环境修复和太子参光合生理和产量形成的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:4种模式中,只有淹水配施微生物菌肥模式能够分别恢复重茬一年和重茬两年太子参产量至正茬的90%和70%以上,其他模式未能显著提升重茬太子参的产量。淹水配施微生物菌肥(RP-WF-BF)处理的太子参多糖和总皂苷含量分别比正茬显著提升15.3%和16.5%,且根际有益微生物丰度普遍升高而病原菌丰度显著降低,根际土壤氮循环过程得到改善,相较于休耕模式(RP-F-RP),RP-WF-BF技术处理后的太子参根际土壤中氮循环相关基因AOB、nosZ和nirK含量分别提高9.31、1.24和1.00倍,土壤酸化程度得到缓解,太子参抗氧化酶系统稳定性增强,苗期及膨大前期叶片的生长发育改善,叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和光合作用速率显著提升,最终使产量及品质得到明显提升。研究发现,单独淹水(RP-WF)和单独微生物菌肥(RP-F-BF)处理未能显著消减太子参的连作障碍,但两者叠加(RP-WF-BF)能产生"1+1>2"的强化效应,表明合理的技术迭代组合可以更好地消减连作障碍。Radix pseudostellariae is a traditional Chinese medicinical herb,with tuberous roots being used as a medicine.Serious continuous monoculture problems were suffered from process of artificial and intensive cultivation.To explore the effective technical methods to overcome the monoculture problems,the effects of different technical substitution patterns on soil environment remediation,photosynthetic physiology and yield performance of R.pseudostellariae were assessed under continuous cropping system with four technical substitution treatments in the phase between two crops after the newly harvested R.pseudostellariae(first crop):fallow(RP-F-RP),fallow treated with microbial fertilizer(RP-F-BF),water flooding(RP-WF),and water flooding treated with specific microbial fertilizer(RP-WF-BF).Results showed that RP-WF-BF pattern was the single one that could effectively restore R.pseudostellariae yield under two-year monoculture and three-year monoculture to more than 90%and 70%of the newly planted respectively.All the other patterns did not significantly improve R.pseudostellariae yield under two-year monoculture.The contents of polysaccharide and total saponin in R.pseudostellariae under RP-WF-BF treatment were significantly increased by 15.3%and 16.5%compared with those of the newly planted,respectively.The abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of R.pseudostellariae significantly increased.A reverse pattern occurred for pathogens under RP-WF-BF pattern.Moreover,soil nitrogen cycling was improved.The expression of AOB,nosZ and nirK was increased by 931%,124%and 100%compared with those in the RP-F-RP pattern,respectively.Soil acidification under RP-WF-BF pattern was alleviated.The alleviation of soil biological and abiotic stress enhanced the stability of the antioxidant enzyme system,thereby improving the growth and development of R.pseudostellariae at the seedling and the early expand stages.The chlorophyll content,leaf area index and photosynthesis rate of leaves were increased,with the dry ma

关 键 词：技术迭代 连作障碍 太子参 微生物菌肥 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]