徐麦35高产高效增密减氮途径及其碳氮代谢调控机制  

Methods of High Yield and High Efficiency by Density Increase and Nitrogen Reduction in Xumai 35 and Its Regulation Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

作　　者：易媛 刘立伟 刘静 赵娜 张会云[1] YI Yuan;LIU Liwei;LIU Jing;ZHAO Na;ZHANG Huiyun(Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Science,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221131,China;Yangzhou Wheat Research Institute,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221131 [2]扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第7期857-865,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：徐州农科院科研基金项目(RC2019001);国家现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系专项(CARS 3-2-10):江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018340-02);江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心。

摘　　要：为探究增密减氮栽培途径的可行性及其碳氮代谢调控机制,于2019-2020年以徐麦35为材料,设置不同密肥组合,研究增密减氮对产量和氮效率的调控作用。结果表明,适当减少施氮量,徐麦35的氮素农学效率(NAE)、氮肥偏生产力(PFP)、氮素生理效率(PE)、氮收获指数(NHI)均显著增加。开花期和成熟期的碳氮比(C/N)与产量、NAE、PFP、PE均呈显著正相关。密度240×10^(4)·hm^(-2)~300×10^(4)·hm^(-2)、施氮量180 kg·hm^(-2)时产量可达到8500 kg·hm^(-2)以上,高于180×10^(4)·hm^(-2)和270 kg·hm^(-2)密肥组合下的产量水平。同时,NAE、PFP、氮肥吸收效率(RE)、和PE分别提高了62.1%~67.9%、57.6%~59.1%、5.1%~14.4%和41.6%~59.4%。返青期施用控释肥(A1)较拔节期施用尿素(A2)的氮肥吸收效率平均提高了6.8%,有利于实现江苏淮北麦区节本增效绿色轻简化栽培。In order to explore the feasibility of planting methods by increasing density and reducing nitrogen and the regulation mechanism of carbon and nitrogen metabolism,Xumai 35 was used as material in 2019-2020 to study their regulation effect on yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that the nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE),partial nitrogen productivity(PFP),nitrogen physiological efficiency(PE)and nitrogen harvest index(NHI)of Xumai 35 increased significantly with the decrease of nitrogen application rate.The ratio of carbon to nitrogen(C/N)at flowering and maturity stages was significantly positively correlated with yield,NAE,PFP and PE.When the density was 240×10^(4)·hm^(-2)-300×10^(4)·hm^(-2) and the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg·hm^(-2),the yield achieved more than 8500 kg·hm^(-2),which was higher than that under 180×10^(4)·hm^(-2) for planting density and 270 kg·hm^(-2) for nitrogen rate.Meanwhile,NAE,PFP,nitrogen absorption efficiency and PE increased by 62.1%-67.9%,57.6%-59.1%,5.1%-14.4%and 41.6%-59.4%,respectively.The nitrogen absorption efficiency under slow-release fertilizer(A1)at re-greening stage was 6.8%higher than that under urea(A2)at the jointing stage,which was conducive to the realization of cost saving,efficiency increasing,and eco-friendly cultivation in Huaibei region of Jiangsu province.

关 键 词：冬小麦 密肥互作 节氮 氮高效 碳氮平衡 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311