调亏灌溉下滴灌甜菜源库器官的响应特征  

Response characteristics of source and sink organs to deficit irrigation of drip irrigated sugar beet

作　　者：刘宁宁 唐利华 李阳阳[1] 费聪[1] 李宗飞[1] 张丽娟 樊华[1] LIU Ningning;TANG Lihua;LI Yangyang;FEI Cong;LI Zongfei;ZHANG Lijuan;FAN Hua(Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期295-300,共6页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771720,31660360);兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划(2018CB029);石河子大学国际科技合作推进计划(GJHZ201706)。

摘　　要：为明确甜菜源库器官对叶丛期调亏灌溉的适应性响应特征,选取Beta356甜菜品种为试验材料,在叶丛期设置土壤水分下限分别为田间持水量70%(T1)、50%(T2)、30%(T3)的调亏灌溉处理,测定并分析各生育时期甜菜农艺性状的变化特征。结果表明:叶丛期调亏灌溉条件下,该时期甜菜单叶光合速率、叶片数量、叶面积、块根体积和块根干重降低,正常供水后各处理上述指标除块根干重外均能够恢复至对照水平,其中单叶光合速率恢复速度最快;与对照相比,T2处理在适当控制叶片数量的同时促进生长中心向库转移而有利于产量形成,T3处理同时限制了源的光合活力和库的建成而影响块根干重;至糖分积累期,T2处理的块根干重分别比T1和T3处理提高了10.58%和41.15%。因此,在滴灌甜菜叶丛期进行田间持水量50%为下限的调亏灌溉,可有效避免甜菜地上部徒长,达到节水增产的目的。Deficit irrigation is commonly used to improve crop yields in arid land.Our study evaluated the response of source and sink organ of sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.cv.Beta 356)to deficit irrigation during canopy development stage.The experiment at treatments were field capacity of 70%(T1),50%(T2),and 30%(T3).The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation decreased the photosynthetic rate,leaf number,leaf area,root volume and root dry weight of sugar beet in canopy development stage.After normal water supply,all the above indexes could be recovered to the control except root dry weight,and the recovery rate of single leaf photosynthetic rate was the fastest.Compared with the control,the T2 treatment promoted the transfer rate of growth center to the sink and regulated the leaf number appropriately,which was beneficial to the yield formation.The T3 treatment simultaneously restricted the source photosynthetic activity and the sink establishment which affected root dry weight.And the final,root dry weight of T2 treatment was 10.58%and 41.15%higher than that of T1 and T3.Therefore,50%FC could be used as the irrigation threshold levels before rehydration during canopy development stage of drip irrigated sugar beet,which effectively avoid overgrowth of the above ground part,reduce irrigation water requirements and increase yield.

关 键 词：滴灌 甜菜 调亏灌溉 响应特征 源库 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]