蓝藻水华与淡水鱼类的生态相互作用研究进展  

Ecological interaction between cyanobacterial blooms and freshwater fish

作　　者：谷孝鸿[1] 李红敏 毛志刚[1] 陈辉辉 沈睿杰[1,2] 曾庆飞 Xiaohong Gu;Hongmin Li;Zhigang Mao;Huihui Chen;Ruijie Shen;Qingfei Zeng(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第21期2649-2662,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省太湖水环境综合治理课题(TH2018303,TH2019303);国家自然科学基金(31972813,32071575);国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD13B00,2015BAD13B06)资助。

摘　　要：鱼类是淡水生态系统的重要组成部分.近年来水体富营养化和蓝藻水华暴发导致的水环境恶化、适宜栖息地丧失等生态问题,对鱼类生存及渔业经济带来巨大威胁和影响.蓝藻和鱼类的生态作用是相互的,利用鱼类调控蓝藻过度增长的生物操纵技术在某些富营养化水体治理过程中取得了一定效果.在此背景下,全面评估蓝藻水华对淡水鱼类种群的影响,以及鱼类对蓝藻生长的控制与驱动效应,是进一步推进淡水生态系统治理与保护研究的关键.本文系统归纳分析了蓝藻水华对淡水渔业的危害、有害蓝藻及其次生代谢产物对鱼类的毒性效应以及鱼类对蓝藻的生态调控作用,并对未来的重点研究方向进行展望,提出复杂蓝藻生物质或原位蓝藻水华对鱼类影响的综合效应和相关的水生态风险评价将是未来研究的重点.生物操纵技术的可行性应依据所治理水体的基本环境和生物特征,结合具体实践进行判断和决策.本文旨在为蓝藻水华的生态风险评估、淡水鱼类资源的保护,以及水生态环境的改善提供科学依据.Fish are an integral component of aquatic ecosystems and play important roles in maintaining ecosystem stability.However,fish have recently been under great threat due to the deterioration of aquatic environments and the loss of suitable habitats.Due to the intensification of global warming and water eutrophication,the frequency and duration of cyanobacteria blooms have been increasing.Cyanobacteria blooms are often accompanied by cyanotoxin and taste-andodor substance productions which threaten fish survival and fishery economics.However,the ecological interaction between cyanobacteria and fish is multifaceted.Biomanipulation techniques using fish to regulate excessive cyanobacteria growth have achieved certain effects in the bioremediation of eutrophic water bodies.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of cyanobacteria blooms on freshwater fish populations and the control and driving effects of fish on cyanobacteria are necessary to protect freshwater ecosystems.This study systematically analyzes the effect of cyanobacteria blooms on freshwater fisheries,toxicological effects of harmful cyanobacteria on fish,and the ecological regulation of fish on cyanobacteria.Accordingly,we have proposed future research directions.More attention should be paid to the impacts of cyanobacteria blooms on the physiology,ecology,and behavior of fish,and other animal populations.It is necessary to further clarify whether fish miniaturization and a decline in fish species diversity are directly related to cyanobacteria blooms.Fish exposure to cyanobacteria blooms is a complex topic because aquatic animals are not only exposed to cyanotoxins but also to cyanobacterial cells and lysates which contain various compounds.Thus,the overall effect of complex cyanobacteria biomass or in situ cyanobacteria blooms on fish and the corresponding aquatic ecological risk assessment probably will be the focus of future aquatic research.Moreover,a comprehensive examination of the impact of taste-and-odor substances produced by cyanoba

关 键 词：蓝藻水华 淡水鱼类 次生代谢产物 毒性效应 生物操纵 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X174