长白山地区野生食药用菌资源监测与评价  

Monitoringand Evaluation of Wild Edible and Medicinal Fungi Resources in Changbai Mountains

作　　者：谭笑[1] 杨大海[1] 夏蕾[1] 邹亚杰[2] 张波[3] 张维东[1] 赵新宇[1] 温嘉伟[1] TAN Xiao;YANG Dahai;XIA Lei;ZOU Yajie;ZHANG Bo;ZHANG Weidong;ZHAO Xinyu;WEN Jiawei(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130033 [2]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [3]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2021年第4期98-107,共10页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021TD016)。

摘　　要：2017~2019年,对长白山地区5个不同海拔区域内的野生食药用菌资源进行监测,共监测到19种可商业化栽培的野生食药用菌。通过形态学特征与ITS分子标记相结合的方法,鉴定它们分别隶属于担子菌门和子囊菌门3纲6目13科14属。结合各监测点的环境因子,从空间和时间的动态变化对5个监测点连续3年的物种及其发生量进行独立分析,结果表明:在实验范围内,监测点3的食药用菌发生量连续3年占比较大,分别为34.9%、44.3%和30.2%。三年内,在监测点1范围内,除连续监测到珊瑚猴头菌(Hericium coralloides)外,食药用菌物种及其发生量存在差异;在监测点2和5范围内,食药用菌物种及其发生量存在差异;在监测点3范围内,物种及其发生量稳定,个别物种发生存在差异,如仅在2018年监测到高大环柄菇(Macrolepiota procera),仅在2019年监测到灰树花(Grifola frondosa);在监测点4范围内,食药用菌物种稳定,其发生量存在差异,银耳属(Tremella)物种橙黄银耳(T.mesenterica)、银耳(T.fuciformis)和茶色银耳(T.foliacea)未连续发生。During 2017-2019,five sites of different altitudes in Changbai Mountains were monitored for wild edible and medicinal fungi resources.In total,19species of commercially available wild and edible medicinal fungi were identified according to their morphological characteristics and ITS sequences.These species belong to 2phyla,3 classes,6orders,13families and 14genera.Their occurrence and quantity at the five sites were monitored for three consecutive years from 2017to 2019along with the environmental factors of each monitoring site so as to analyze spatial and time dynamic changes,respectively.The results showed that the quantities of the edible and medicinal fungi at CB3from 2017to 2019were significantly higher than those of CB1and CB2,accounting for 34.9%,44.3%and 30.2%of the overall quantity of the corresponding year,respectively.For CB1,there were variances in species and occurrence quantity across different years except that Hericium coralloides was observed for all three years.There were also variances in species and occurrence quantity across different years in CB2,CB4and CB5.In contrast,the species and occurrence quantity at CB3were relatively stable over the three consecutive years with exceptions for several individual species.For example,Macrolepiota procera was only observed in 2018,and Grifola frondosa was only observed in 2019.At CB4,the species of detected edible and medicinal fungi were stable over the three years with variations in occurrence quantity.For example,T.mesenterica,T.fuciformis and T.foliacea did not occur continuously from 2017to 2019.

关 键 词：野生食药用菌 监测 评价 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]