托幼儿童健康相关行为与因上呼吸道感染症状缺勤关系研究  

The associations between health-related behaviors and absenteeism due to upper respiratory tract infection symptoms among children in kindergartens

作　　者：戴映雪 岳勇[1] 杜训波[1] 岳丽梅 韩德琳 张建新[2] DAI Ying-xue;YUE Yong;DU Xun-bo;YUE Li-mei;HAN De-lin;ZHANG Jian-xin(Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省成都市疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2021年第8期723-727,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(普及应用项目)(18PJ580)。

摘　　要：目的分析托幼儿童健康相关行为与因上呼吸道感染症状缺勤关系,为制定行为干预措施提供参考依据。方法分层整群抽样选取成都市22家托幼机构进行调查。采用χ2检验比较各组差异,采用二分类Logistic分析儿童缺勤影响因素。结果共收回有效问卷6251份。3岁、4岁、5岁及以上组儿童分别占19.0%、33.7%和47.3%,男生占52.0%,家长主要为父母(97.7%)。儿童因上呼吸道感染缺勤率为17.5%。相较于3岁,4岁和≥5岁组儿童的缺勤率更低,4岁组儿童OR值为0.668(95%CI:0.562~0.795),≥5岁组OR值为0.470(95%CI:0.396~0.557);相较于未含漱咽喉部的儿童,含漱的儿童缺勤率更低,OR值为0.754(95%CI:0.659~0.862);相较于经常暴露于被动吸烟环境的儿童,基本不暴露的缺勤率更低,OR值为0.830(95%CI:0.714~0.964);相较于知道洗手方法的家长,不知道的家长其儿童缺勤率更高,OR值为1.176(95%CI:1.015~1.361);相较于接种流感疫苗的家长,未接种的家长其儿童缺勤率更高,OR值为1.379(95%CI:1.126~1.690)。结论建议托幼机构结合自身实际,在健康教育中纳入含漱咽喉部、减少暴露被动吸烟环境、家庭正确洗手等内容。Objective To analyze the associations between health related behaviors and absenteeism due to upper respiratory tract infection symptoms among children in kindergartens,and to provide scientific reference for behavioral intervention.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select 22 kindergartens.Chi-square was used to compare the differences among different groups,and binary logistic regression was applied to explore the influential factors.Results 6251 cases were included.Children aged 3,4 and 5 occupied 19.0%,33.7%and 47.3%respectively.The percent of boys was 52.0%.Caregivers were mainly parents(97.7%).Absenteeism rate was 17.5%.Compared to children aged 3,those aged 4 and 5 and above had lower absenteeism rate.The OR values were 0.668(95%CI:0.562-0.795)and 0.470(95%CI:0.396-0.557)for children aged 4 and 5 and above,respectively.Children who gargled were less likely to be absent(OR=0.754,95%CI:0.659-0.862).Compared to children who were exposed to passive smoking frequently,those who were seldom exposed had lower absenteeism rate(OR=0.830,95%CI:0.714-0.964).Besides,children whose parents were unaware of right hand-washing(OR=1.176,95%CI:1.015-1.361)and whose parents did not take the flu shot(OR=1.379,95%CI:1.126-1.690)were more likely to be absent.Conclusion It was suggested that health education in kindergartens should include gargling,reducing passive smoking and home-based washing hands in order to reduce absenteeism due to upper respiratory tract infection symptoms among children.

关 键 词：健康相关行为 上呼吸道感染 幼托儿童 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]