学龄前儿童饮食行为对蔬菜水果摄入水平的影响  

Effect of children’s dietary behaviors on the consumption of vegetables and fruits among preschool children

作　　者：连怡遥 李春丽 房玥晖 逯晓娣 何宇纳 LIAN Yi-yao;LI Chun-li;FANG Yue-hui;LU Xiao-di;HE Yu-na(National Institute For Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]北京市东城区疾病预防控制中心,北京100010

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2021年第7期579-583,592,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：达能膳食营养研究与宣教基金(DIC2017-01)。

摘　　要：目的探讨3~5岁学龄前儿童饮食行为对蔬菜水果摄入水平的影响。方法在广东、辽宁、内蒙古、上海和四川选取10个幼儿园923名3~5岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,使用儿童饮食行为问卷量化学龄前儿童饮食行为,采用有序多分类Logistic回归分析儿童各维度饮食行为对蔬菜水果摄入水平的影响。结果本研究中3~5岁儿童蔬菜的摄入量中位数为130.5g/d(P25~P75:75.0~220.0g/d),水果的摄入量为175.0g/d(P25~P75:100.0~250.0g/d)。3~5岁学龄前儿童蔬菜和水果的消费率分别为98.5%和98.4%,达标率分别为22.1%和68.8%。儿童饮食行为中,主动性进食、外因性进食、挑食、食物响应、过饱响应、不良进食习惯、情绪性进食得分依次是(3.77±0.69)分、(2.86±0.66)分、(2.77±0.65)分、(2.48±0.66)分、(2.37 ±0.69)分、(2.27±0.64)分和(1.59±0.56)分。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,儿童挑食行为是蔬菜摄入水平的影响因素(OR=0.740,95% CI:0.608~0.899),过饱响应(OR=0.786,95% CI:0.633~0.976)和外因性进食(OR=1.297,95% CI:1.063~1.584)是水果摄入水平的影响因素。以儿童家庭年收入、儿童体格发育情况和年龄进行调整后,结果一致。结论儿童挑食行为对蔬菜摄入有负向影响;过饱响应对水果摄入有负向影响,外因性进食对水果摄入有正向影响。Objective To explore the effect of dietary behaviors on the consumption of vegetables and fruits in preschool children aged 3-5 years old.Methods A total of 923 preschool children aged 3-5 years old were selected from 10 kindergartens in Guangdong,Liaoning,Inner Mongolia,Shanghai and SichuanProvince.The Chinese Preschoolers’ Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to quantify dietary behaviors of preschool children and the influence of children’s dietary behaviors on the consumption of vegetables and fruits.Ordered logistic regression model was used for data analysis.Results The median consumption of vegetables among preschool children aged 3-5 was 130.5 g(P25-P75:75.0 g-220.0 g),and that of fruits was 175.0 g(P25-P75:100.0 g-250.0 g).The consumption rates of vegetables and fruits of preschool children were 98.5% and 98.4%,and the compliance rates were 22.1% and 68.8%,respectively.The scores of initiative eating,external factor eating,picky eating,food responsiveness,satiety responsiveness,worse eating habit and emotional eating were(3.77±0.69),(2.86±0.66),(2.77±0.65),(2.48±0.66),(2.37±0.69),(2.27±0.64),(1.59±0.56),respectively.Ordered Logistic regression model analysis showed that picky eating was related with the vegetable consumption(OR=0.740,95% CI:0.608-0.899),and the factors that influencing fruit consumption included satiety responsiveness(OR=0.786,95% CI:0.633-0.976) and initiative eating(OR=1.297,95% CI:1.063-1.584).After adjusting for children’s annual family income,children‘s physical development and age,the results were consistent.Conclusion Picky eating of preschool children had a negative effect on vegetable consumption.Satiety responsiveness had a negative effect on fruit consumption while initiative eating had a positive effect on fruit consumption.

关 键 词：儿童饮食行为问卷 蔬菜 水果 学龄前儿童 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]