切叶蚁亚科蚂蚁的防御性生物碱  

Defensive alkaloids of myrmicine ants

作　　者：白茹 陈立 王文凯[1] BAI Ru;CHEN Li;WANG Wen-Kai(School of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;College of Life Science,Institute of Life Science and Green Development,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]河北大学生命科学学院,生命科学与绿色发展研究院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2021年第7期875-886,共12页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31772540)。

摘　　要：蚂蚁(蚁科)有显著的群居特性,个体间分工明确,并具有复杂的合作策略,以保护巢穴不受捕食者、病原微生物、蚂蚁竞争者的侵害,以及捕食猎物等。切叶蚁亚科是蚁科的最大类群,共有147个现生属,主要通过喷洒富含生物碱的毒液分泌物进行防御和捕猎。本文综述了该亚科防御性生物碱的组分及属种分布特征,其结构类型包括哌啶、吡啶、吡咯、吲哚里西啶、吡咯里西啶和脂肪胺等,并对其功能及应用进行了概述和展望。哌啶类生物碱是火蚁属Solenopsis毒液的典型特征,而吡咯烷、吡咯啉和吡咯里西啶类生物碱是小家蚁属Monomorium毒液的主要成分。吲哚里西啶类生物碱是脊红蚁属Myrmicaria蚂蚁和火蚁属贼蚁毒液的主要成分。除此之外,脂肪胺也是小家蚁属蚂蚁的毒液成分。这些毒液生物碱成分具有显著的生物活性,在农药和生物医药领域具有重要的应用前景。Eusociality is a major characteristic of ants(Formicidae),with apparent division of labor among individuals.They use complex cooperative strategies to protect their nests from predators,pathogenic microorganisms,and ant competitors,and to capture preys.Myrmicinae is the largest group of Formicidae,with 147 living genera.They mainly spray alkaloid-rich venom secretions for defense and hunting.In this article,the composition of defensive alkaloids of Myrmicinae ants and their distribution characteristics in different genera and species were reviewed,whose chemical structure mainly includes piperidine,pyridine,pyrrole,indolizidine,pyrrolizidine and fatty amine,and their function and application were summarized and prospected.Piperidine alkaloids are the typical characteristics of the venom of Solenopsis species,while pyrrolidine,pyrroline,and pyrrolizidine alkaloids predominate in the venom of Monomorium species.Indolizidine alkaloids are the major components of the venom secretion of Myrmicaria ants and Solenopsis thief ants.In addition,fatty amines are also components of the venom of Monomorium species.These venom alkaloids possess a variety of biological activities and have great application value in development of pesticides and biomedicines.

关 键 词：蚂蚁 切叶蚁亚科 化学防御 毒腺 生物碱 毒液 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]