体外产气法评价生薯条加工副产品-稻草混贮与全株玉米青贮组合效应的研究  

Associative effects between whole crop maize silage and mixed silage made from raw potato crisp processing by-product and rice straw as determined using an in vitro gas production technique

作　　者：温媛媛 张美琦 刘桃桃 沈宜钊 高艳霞[1,2] 李秋凤 曹玉凤[1,2] 李建国 WEN Yuan-yuan;ZHANG Mei-qi;LIU Tao-tao;SHEN Yi-zhao;GAO Yan-xia;LI Qiu-feng;CAO Yu-feng;LI Jian-guo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Embryo Engineering and Technological Center of Cattle and Sheep of Hebei,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省牛羊胚胎工程技术研究中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第8期154-163,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-37);河北省现代农业产业技术体系肉牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018130202);河北省高端人才支持计划(0631608)资助。

摘　　要：旨在探究生薯条加工副产品-稻草混贮(以下简称"薯稻混贮")与全株玉米青贮间的组合效应。"薯稻混贮"是按照1∶2混合(混贮后的干物质含量为35%)、添加青贮添加剂、用搅拌机混匀、打捆裹包机裹包、发酵60 d制成。根据"薯稻混贮"与全株玉米青贮的不同比例分为7个组合,分别为T0组(0∶100)、T20组(20∶80)、T40组(40∶60)、T50组(50∶50)、T60组(60∶40)、T80组(80∶20)、T100组(100∶0),每个组合3个重复。通过体外产气法,测定各组合发酵48 h干物质降解率(DMD)、pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、微生物蛋白(MCP)产量以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度等指标,测定各组合在发酵2、4、6、8、10、12、24、36和48 h的产气量(GP)。并计算每个单项组合效应指数(SFAEI)及综合效应指数(MFAEI)。结果表明:1)GP和DMD随"薯稻混贮"比例增加显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。SFAEI中T50和T80组的GP和DMD最低,GP和DMD最高值均出现在T20组。2)不同组合发酵后的pH值为6.46~6.59,其中T80组pH最高,显著或极显著高于除T100组外的其他组别(P<0.05或P<0.01),SFAEI在T80组最高。3)各组合间NH3-N浓度、MCP产量无显著差异(P>0.05),但均以T40组最高,而SFAEI分别以T40和T80组最高。4)乙酸、丙酸、戊酸和TVFA浓度均以T0组最高,T100组最低,且两组间差异极显著(P<0.01);丁酸也以T0组浓度最高,但以T80组浓度最低。SFAEI指标中,乙、丙、丁酸分别以T80、T20和T60组最高。通过MFAEI指数评定得出,两种饲料组合均产生正组合效应,其中T40组(40∶60)最优,其次是T50组(50∶50)。The aim of this study was to evaluate the associative effects between whole crop maize silage(WCS)and mixed silage made from raw potato crisp processing by-product and rice straw(PRS).The PRS(35%dry matter)was produced by mixing potato crisp processing by-product with rice straw at a ratio of 1∶2,adding silage additive,mixing with a blender,bundling and wrapping the silage substrate using a machine,and then fermenting for 60 days.The treatments consisted of seven combinations of PRS and WCS at different ratios:0∶100(T0),20∶80(T20),40∶60 (T40),50∶50 (T50),60∶40 (T60),80∶20 (T80),and 100∶0 (T100) on a dry matter (DM) basis.Each combination had three replicates.Gas production (GP) was measured using an in vitro method.Dry matter digestibility(DMD),pH,and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),microbial protein(MCP),and volatile fatty acids(VFA)were determined at 48 h of incubation.The GP was recorded at 2,4,6,8,10,12,24,36,and 48 h of incubation.The single factor associative effects index(SFAEI)and multiple factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated.The results show that:1) GP and DMDdecreased significantly or extremely significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01)as the proportion of PRS increased.The SFAEIs of GP and DMD were the lowest in the T50and T80groups,respectively,and the highest values of those indexes were in the T20group.2)The pH of different combinations ranged from 6.46 to 6.59.The pH of the T80group was the highest,and was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in other groups,except for the T100group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The highest SFAEI of pH was in the T80group.3)There was no significant difference in NH3-N concentrations and MCP production among different combinations(P>0.05),but the highest values were in the T40group.The SFAEIs of NH3-N and MCP were highest in the T40and T80groups,respectively.4)The concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,valeric acid,and total VFAs were highest in the T0 group and lowest in the T100group,

关 键 词：生薯条加工副产品 稻草 全株玉米青贮 体外发酵 组合效应 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]