献血者ABO血型不符原因及处理措施  

Reasons and treatment measures for ABO blood type inconformity of blood donors

作　　者：袁文声 YUAN Wensheng(Department of Quality Control,Zhongshan Center Blood Bank in GuangdongProvince,Zhongshan528400,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省中山市中心血站质管科,广东中山528400

出　　处：《中国现代医生》2021年第20期150-153,共4页China Modern Doctor

摘　　要：目的通过分析无偿献血者血型不符的原因,提出措施减少不符率,提高血液质量安全。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月中山市中心血站无偿献血者193289例标本的血型检测数据,初次献血者采用纸板法初筛血型,再次献血者以血液信息管理系统档案血型作为初定血型,血液采集后用微板酶标仪法复检,分类统计ABO血型不符例数,计算血型不符合率,分析血型不符原因。结果2016年1月至2019年12月共检测193289人次血型,其中A型52188例,B型48322例,O型79248例,AB型13531例,共139例血型不符,其中与初筛不符119例(85.61%),正反定型不符23例(16.55%)。119例与初筛血型不符中,B、A抗原漏检分别占42.86%、9.24%,初筛血型不符是血型不符的主要原因;正反定型不符中不规则抗体阳性8例,A亚型2例,B亚型1例,冷凝集素2例,其他原因10例。结论初筛血型错误是造成血型不符的主要原因,遇血型不符时应根据具体问题分析原因并采取相应处理措施,以确保血型检测的准确性,最终保证临床用血安全。Objective To put forward measures to reduce the blood type inconformity rate and improve the blood quality and safety by analyzing reasons for blood type inconformity among unpaid blood donors.Methods The blood type test data of 193,289 unpaid blood donors in Zhongshan Center Blood Bank from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The blood types of the first blood donors were screened by the cardboard method,and the blood types recorded by the blood information management system for the second blood donors were used as the primary blood types.The blood was collected and reexamined by microplate enzyme plate analyzer to classify and count the numbers of ABO blood type inconformity cases were classified and counted,calculate the inconformity rate,and analyze the reasons for the blood type inconformity.Results From January 2016 to December 2019,a total of 193,289 people were tested for the blood type,including 52,188 cases of type A,48,322 cases of type B,79248 cases of type O and 13,531 cases of type AB.A total of 139 cases of blood type inconformity were found,including 119 cases(85.61%)of blood type inconformity in the primary screening and 23 cases(16.55%)of blood type inconformity between the positive and negative stereotypes.In 119 cases of blood type inconformity,B and A antigen missed detection accounted for 42.86%and 9.24%,respectively.The blood type inconformity in the primary screening was the main cause of blood type inconformity.A total of 8 cases of positive irregular antibody were found,including 2 cases of subtype A,1 case of subtype B,2 cases of condensation agglutinin,and 10 cases of other reasons.Conclusion The error of blood type primary screening is the main cause of blood type inconformity.In case of blood type inconformity,the reasons should be analyzed according to specific problems and corresponding treatment measures should be taken to ensure the accuracy of blood type detection and finally ensure the safety of blood for clinical use.

关 键 词：无偿献血 血型不符 原因 处理措施 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]