载药明胶微球剂的制备及应用研究进展  

Research progress of the preparation and application of gelatin microspheres

作　　者：张奇珍 尹明明[1] 余曼丽 陈福良[1] ZHANG Qizhen;YIN Mingming;YU Manli;CHEN Fuliang(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第4期657-667,共11页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200500)。

摘　　要：微球剂(microspheres)是指活性成分溶解或均匀分散在辅料(包括载体)中形成的微小球状实体(粒径一般在1~250μm之间)。天然高分子明胶因具有无毒无害、来源丰富、生物可降解等特点已成为控释剂的理想载体,在生物、医学及农药等领域展现出良好的应用前景。本文重点论述了以明胶为载体,负载农药(医药)后形成微球剂的制备方法,主要包括喷雾干燥法、乳化-溶剂挥发法、交联法、相分离法(凝聚法)等;同时简述了以明胶与其他高分子材料为复合载体的微球剂的研究进展。对近年来以明胶为载体或复合载体所制备的微球剂在农药、医药等领域的研发及应用状况进行了简述,对其在农药领域的发展方向做了展望。Microspheres are tiny spherical entities formed by dissolving or evenly dispersing active ingredients in auxiliary materials(the particle size is generally in the range of 1-250μm).Gelatin is a natural polymer material.Because of its nontoxicity,abundant supply,biodegradable and good filmforming properties,gelatin has become an excellent carrier for controlled release of active ingredients in biology,medicine and pesticide.This paper reviewed the preparation methods of microspheres formed after loading pesticides(medicine)with gelatin as a carrier,such as spray-drying method,emulsion solvent evaporation method,crosslinking method and phase separation method(coacervation method),etc.At the same time,microspheres using gelatin and other polymer materials as a composite carrier is introduced.Finally,the development and application of microspheres prepared by gelatin carrier or composite carrier in pesticide,medicine and other fields in recent years were summarized,and the development direction of microspheres for pesticide field was prospected..

关 键 词：明胶 载体 微球剂 农药缓释 研究进展 

分 类 号：TQ450.6[化学工程—农药化工]