戊唑醇等9种农药对螟黄赤眼蜂的毒性评价  

Evaluation of toxicity of nine commonly used pesticides to Trichogramma chilonis

作　　者：金磊 张文哲 张传清[1] 朱国念[2] 刘亚慧[1] JIN Lei;ZHANG Wenzhe;ZHANG Chuanqing;ZHU Guonian;LIU Yahui(College of Agriculture and Food Science,Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Pesticide and Enviromental Toxicicology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学农业与食品科学学院,杭州311300 [2]浙江大学农药与环境毒理研究所,杭州310029

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第4期716-723,共8页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：浙江省重点研发项目(2015C02019)。

摘　　要：为明确生产中9种常用农药(戊唑醇、咪鲜胺、丙硫菌唑、苯醚甲环唑、噻呋酰胺、嘧菌酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐)对天敌昆虫螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis的影响,采用药膜法测定了上述9种农药对螟黄赤眼蜂的毒性以及其中不同杀菌剂混合使用对该赤眼蜂存活的影响。结果表明:丙硫菌唑、苯醚甲环唑、噻呋酰胺和嘧菌酯对螟黄赤眼蜂的半致死用量(LR_(50))大于1 832 g/hm^(2),致死中时间(LT_(50))大于4 d,均属低风险性药剂;茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺也属低风险性药剂,两者LR_(50)值均大于916 g/hm^(2),LT_(50)值分别为2.94和0.86 d;咪鲜胺和戊唑醇的LR_(50)值分别为106和207 g/hm^(2),LT_(50)值分别为0.27和0.35 d,属中等风险性药剂;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐属高风险性药剂,其LR_(50)和LT_(50)值分别为0.53 g/hm^(2)和0.16 d。咪鲜胺和戊唑醇分别与丙硫菌唑和噻呋酰胺混合,以及戊唑醇与嘧菌酯混合,在一定时间范围内与咪鲜胺和戊唑醇单剂相比,混剂处理组螟黄赤眼蜂的死亡率均显著下降,且与丙酮空白对照组无显著性差异。研究表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺和茚虫威对螟黄赤眼蜂毒性较低,同时不同杀菌剂混用能一定程度上降低单剂对螟黄赤眼蜂的毒性,研究结果可为放蜂期合理使用杀虫剂和杀菌剂提供指导。To clarify the effect of nine commonly used pesticides,including tebuconazole,prochloraz,prothioconazole,difenoconazole,thifluzamide,azoxystrobin,chlorantraniliprole,indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate against natural enemy insect Trichogramma chilonis,the residual film method was used to determine the toxicities of nine pesticides and assess the effect of mixtures between different kinds of fungicides on the survival of T.chilonis.The results showed that prothioconazole,difenoconazole,thifenamide and azoxystrobin had low-risk against T.chilonis indicating by the median lethal rate(LR50)>1832 g/hm^(2) and the half lethal time(LT50)over 4 d.Indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole were also low-risk agents,and both with LR50>916 g/hm^(2).The LT50 values of them were 2.94 d and 0.86 d,respectively.The LR50 of prochloraz and tebuconazole were 106 g/hm^(2) and 207 g/hm^(2),respectively,and the LT50 were 0.27 d and 0.35 d,respectively,which indicated them to be medium-risk agents.Emamectin benzoate was a high-risk agent with LR50 and LT50 of 0.53 g/hm^(2) and 0.16 d,respectively.When prochloraz or tebuconazole was mixed respectively with prothioconazole and thifluzamide,and tebuconazole mixed with azoxystrobin,significant reduction in the mortality rate of T.chilonis in the mixed treatment group was observed,and no significant difference with that of the acetone blank control.The results showed that chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb had low toxicity to T.chilonis,and the usage of the mixture of different fungicides could reduce the toxicity of single dose to a certain extent.This study has provided theoretical instruction for the rational use of insecticides and fungicides in wasp release period.

关 键 词：戊唑醇 咪鲜胺 丙硫菌唑 螟黄赤眼蜂 毒性 安全性评价 

分 类 号：TQ450.26[化学工程—农药化工] S481.1[农业科学—农药学]