275例新生儿耳廓形态的随访研究  

A Follow-up Survey of Auricle Morphology in 275 Neonates

作　　者：王小亚 黄靖茹 魏玮 李玉云 罗仁忠 WANG Xiaoya;HUANG Jingru;WEI Wei;LI Yuyun;LUO Renzhong(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center,Guangzhou 510618,China;Department of Hearing and Speech Science,Xinhua College,Sun Yat‐sen University,510520,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital)

机构地区：[1]广州市妇女儿童医疗中心耳鼻喉科 [2]中山大学新华学院听力与言语科学系 [3]广东省人民医院耳鼻喉科

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2021年第4期603-607,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

摘　　要：目的调查新生儿出生及1月龄时耳廓畸形的发病率,分析耳廓形态畸形的自愈情况及相关因素。方法对275例新生儿进行1月龄的随访观察,统计其耳廓形态畸形的发病率、畸形类别分布以及出生1月龄时的自愈情况等,并做相关因素分析。结果耳廓形态畸形出生时的发病率为55.09%,出生1月龄仍有30.80%存在形态畸形,1月龄时耳廓畸形的自愈率为40.77%。发病率由高到低排序为垂耳>耳轮畸形>环缩耳>混合畸形>猿耳>耳甲腔异常凸起>招风耳>杯状耳,自愈率由高到低的排序为猿耳>耳轮畸形>垂耳>环缩耳>招风耳>耳甲腔异常凸起=杯状耳=混合畸形。出生时各形态学分型发病率的比较,左耳猿耳高于右耳,男婴垂耳高于女婴,顺产的混合畸形高于剖宫产,其余各组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);1月龄时自愈率的比较,除顺产的环缩耳自愈率高于剖宫产外,左右耳间、男女性别间及剖顺产之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论耳廓形态畸形在新生儿中发病率高,但部分畸形可随年龄增长逐渐缓解。对于自愈率极高的猿耳可适当延长观察时间,而耳甲腔异常凸起、杯状耳和混合畸形建议早期积极治疗。Objective To investigate the incidence of auricle malformation at birth and at 1 month of age,and analyze the self-correction and influencing factors.Methods A total of 275 newborns were followed up to 1 month of age on the incidence of auricular deformity,deformity categories,self-correction at 1 month of age and potentially influencing factors.Results The rate of auricle morphological deformity was 55.09%at birth and 30.80%at 1 month after birth,with a rate of self-correction of 40.77%at 1 month of age.The highest deformity incidence was seen with ear lobe,followed by the helical rim,ear constriction,mixed deformities,Stahl’s ear,Conchal crus,prominent ear and cup ear from high to lw.The highest rate of self-correction rate was seen with Stahl’s ear,followed by helical rim deformities,lop ear,constricted ear,prominent ear,Conchal crus,cup ear and mixed deformities.The at birth incidence of Stahl’s ear was higher on left than right ear,that of ear lobe deformity was higher in boys than in girls,and that of mixed deformities was higher with normal delivery than with cesarean section.No significant differences were noticed among other categories.The rate of self-correction 1 month showed no significant difference between the side,genders or the two sets of instructions given to parents,although more correction was seen with constricted ears in normal delivery than in cesarean section.Conclusion The incidence of auricular deformities is high in neonates,but some deformities can gradually self-correct,especially in Stahl’s ear.Therefore,newborn with Stahl’s ear can be observed longer,but ear molding treatment should be recommended earlier for Conchal crus,cup ear and mixed ear deformities.

关 键 词：耳廓 耳廓形态畸形 新生儿 自愈 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]