纵向政府间信息不对称如何缓解?--以脱贫攻坚为例  

Mitigating Vertical Bureaucratic Information Asymmetry: A Study of Targeted Poverty Alleviation

作　　者：刘丽莉 刘志鹏 Lili Liu;Zhipeng Liu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院 [2]北京师范大学农村治理研究中心

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2021年第4期45-63,197,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2018NTSS56);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2019NTSS36)。

摘　　要：信息不对称是我国纵向间政府关系的重要特征。研究以脱贫攻坚背景下的纵向政府间信息沟通为例,分析纵向政府间信息不对称现象的缓解机制,通过实地调研和二手资料收集等方法阐释了缓解纵向政府间信息不对称的四种信息沟通机制,全景展示脱贫攻坚期间科层制结构和议程设置的变化。研究发现,目前科层系统中存在四类信息的上下流动:一是下派干部实现扶贫标准的沟通;二是下派干部分级反馈资源需求信息;三是地方政府在变通执行中探知上级给予的政策空间;四是上级政府允许基层政府表达工作意图。信息的流动呈现出一种“控制性沟通”的机制,由于精准扶贫带来的持续高问责压力,促使各级官员信息沟通的意愿和方式发生改变,最终使我国纵向政府间信息不对称现象得以缓解。研究为科层制内部信息不对称的缓解提供新的理论解释和研究视角,同时也为科层制变化对信息不对称的影响提供实证研究证据,增强了对科层制内部信息沟通机制的理解。Information asymmetry is the main characteristic among the different levels of China’s governments. Taking China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation Program as an example,this paper analyzes the mechanisms used to mitigate vertical bureaucratic information asymmetry. Using field research and second-hand data,this paper illustrates four communication mechanisms of information asymmetry and demonstrates the scenarios in which bureaucratic structure and agenda setting were changed after the Targeted Poverty Alleviation program began. First,sent-down cadres achieve poverty alleviation goals through standard communications. Second,sent-down cadres seek resource support from their original departments. Third, county cadres acknowledge their room to maneuver while accomplishing the poverty alleviation policy. Fourth, county cadres express their political intentions with superior permission. Such information flows show the "control to communicate " mechanisms that the cadre evaluation system creates in which cadres are incentivized to change their willingness and approaches to communication. This, in turn, mitigates the vertical bureaucratic information asymmetry. These findings provide a new theoretical explanation and research approach to bureaucratic information asymmetry and provide empirical data on the effects of bureaucratic change on information asymmetry.This research contributes to our understandings of bureaucratic communication in China.

关 键 词：信息不对称 脱贫攻坚 下派干部 议程设置 控制性沟通 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]