农户生计恢复力对多维贫困的影响——来自陕西易地扶贫搬迁地区的证据  

Impact of rural households’livelihood resilience on multidimensional poverty:evidence from the poverty alleviation relocation areas in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：李聪[1] 高梦 李树茁[3] 雷昊博 LI Cong;GAO Meng;LI Shuzhuo;LEI Haobo(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710061,China;Xi’an Jiaotong University City College,Xi’an Shaanxi 710018,China;School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710049,China;School of Statistics,Xi’an University of Finance and Economics,Xi’an Shaanxi 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061 [2]西安交通大学城市学院,陕西西安710018 [3]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西西安710049 [4]西安财经大学统计学院,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第7期150-160,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目“生态脆弱地区可持续发展政策评估与管理”(批准号:72022014);国家自然科学基金面上项目“生计恢复力视角下易地扶贫搬迁对象脱贫模式、返贫风险与可持续发展政策创新研究”(批准号:71973104);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目“易地扶贫搬迁、农户生计与生态环境可持续发展研究”(批准号:19JHQ015);陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划(新型智库项目)“易地扶贫搬迁背景下乡村振兴的内涵、关键问题和实现路径”(批准号:20JT044);陕西省软科学研究计划一般项目“易地扶贫搬迁地区多维相对贫困的测度方法与长效解决机制研究”(批准号:2021KRM16)。

摘　　要：该研究将社会-生态系统的恢复力理论延伸到农户生计系统的研究中,利用在陕西易地扶贫搬迁地区获得的900多个调研样本,借助系统工程学中的空间向量法从普遍恢复力、特定恢复力两个维度对农户生计系统的恢复力进行量化分析。采用A-F方法从教育、健康以及生活水平三个维度测度农户的多维贫困程度,在此基础上应用门槛回归模型分析农户生计恢复力对多维贫困的影响路径。结果显示:①搬迁户的生计恢复力(0.2075)显著低于本地户(0.2559),处于生计重建过程中的搬迁户存在一定程度的返贫风险。②提升生计多样化程度成为贫困地区农户抵御风险的重要策略,但同时伴随有生计转型风险。③生计恢复力的提高显著降低了农户的多维贫困程度,但其边际效用会随着生计恢复力跨越阈值而进入“瓶颈期”。普遍恢复力的减贫弹性呈现出边际收益递减的趋势,而特定恢复力在跨越阈值前会削弱普遍恢复力的减贫效用,对多维贫困呈现出正向影响。需要通过正向干预手段避免农户陷入多维贫困陷阱。④尽管易地扶贫搬迁的帮扶措施在生计恢复的过程中起到了积极作用,但搬迁户陷入多维贫困陷阱的门槛值(0.2476)较本地户(0.3215)低。基于上述结论提出建议:充分认识贫困的内涵和外延,在消灭社会环境不公、完善社会保障、贫困人口内生动力不足等方面进行更深入的探索;因地制宜发展产业,创造多元就业机会;加强基础设施建设,提升公共服务水平;大力推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略,破除农户生计内卷化的“魔咒”,从根本上增强贫困人口抵御风险的能力。This research extended the theory of resilience of the social-ecological system to the study of rural households’livelihood system.Based on the survey data of over 900 samples obtained in the poverty alleviation relocation areas of Shaanxi Province,this study used the space vector method of System Engineering to measure livelihood resilience from the two dimensions of general resilience and specific resilience.This research also used the A-F method to measure the multidimensional poverty of rural households from the three dimensions of education,health and living standards,and finally applied the threshold regression model to analyze the impact of livelihood resilience on rural households’multidimensional poverty.The research found that:①The livelihood resilience of relocated households(0.2075)was significantly lower than that of local households(0.2559),and thus relocated households in the process of livelihood reconstruction had the risk of returning to poverty to a certain degree.②Increasing the diversification of livelihoods had become an important strategy for rural households to resist risks,but there were risks of livelihood transformation simultaneously.③The livelihood resilience significantly reduced the multidimensional poverty of rural households,but its marginal effect would enter the‘bottleneck period’as the livelihood resilience crossed the threshold:the marginal effect of general resilience to multidimensional poverty levels diminished,while the specific resilience weakened the effect of poverty reduction before crossing the threshold,presenting a positive impact on multi-dimensional poverty.So effective policies should be implemented to make them avoid multidimensional poverty.④Although the assistance measures played a positive role in the process of livelihood resilience,the threshold(0.2476)for relocated households to fall into the multidimensional poverty trap was lower than that of local households(0.3215).Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward some suggestions:

关 键 词：农户 生计恢复力 多维贫困 易地扶贫搬迁 门槛回归 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]