空气过滤用微纳米纤维多层梯度复合材料的制备与性能  

Preparation and Properties of Micro-nanofiber Multilayer Gradient Composite Air Filters

作　　者：魏楚 钱晓明[1] 钱幺 刘永胜[1] WEI Chu;QIAN Xiaoming;QIAN Yao;LIU Yongsheng(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《材料科学与工程学报》2021年第4期634-639,658,共7页Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1607117);天津市应用基础与前沿技术计划资助项目(16JCZDJC36400);天津市科技计划资助项目(17PTSYJC00150)。

摘　　要：将薄微米纤维网作为静电纺丝的基材,静电纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维网形成微纳单层复合纤网,再将多个不同过滤精度的单层复合纤网按照一定顺序叠加,经热风粘合工艺加固制备具有逐层变化结构的微纳米纤维多层梯度复合空气过滤材料,分别研究了以纺丝时间为梯度、微米纤维网面密度为梯度的多层梯度复合滤料的孔径及过滤性能。研究结果表明:以纺丝时间为梯度的多层梯度复合滤料的平均孔径、最大分布的孔径均减小;对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率提高了13%,而过滤阻力略微增大,但均在26-30 Pa之间。以微米纤网面密度为梯度的多层梯度复合滤料的平均孔径、最大分布的孔径相近;在过滤阻力保持稳定的情况下,对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率提高幅度较小。因此,不同类型的梯度结构可在阻力略微增大或保持不变的情况下,提高复合材料的整体过滤性能,为制备高效低阻、可实际应用的复合滤料提供思路。Thin micro-fiber webs were used as the collecting substrates of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers to prepare micro-nano monolayer composite fiber webs.Then a number of monolayer composite fiber webs with different filtration accuracy were stacked according to a certain order,and strengthened by hot air bonding to prepare micro-nanofiber multilayer gradient composite air filters with gradually varied structures.The pore size and filtration performance of multilayer gradient composite filters with electrospinning time as gradient and areal density of micro-fiber web as gradient were studied.The results show that the average pore size and the maximum distributed pore size of multilayer gradient composite filters with electrospinning time as gradient decrease,and the filtration efficiency of≥0.3μm particles is increased by 13%,while the filtration resistance increases slightly,but between 26-30 Pa.The average pore size and the maximum distributed pore size of multilayer gradient composite filters with areal density of micro-fiber web as gradient are similar.In addition,when the filtration resistance remains stable,the filtration efficiency of≥0.3μm particles is increased slightly.Therefore,different types of gradient structures can improve the overall filtration performance of composite filters,while filtratio resistance is slightly increased or remains stable.Moreover,it provides an idea for preparing composite filters with high efficiency and low resistance and can be practically applied.

关 键 词：微纳米纤维 多层复合滤料 梯度结构 静电纺丝 空气过滤 热风粘合 

分 类 号：TQ342.79[化学工程—化纤工业]