砧木年龄对锥栗嫁接苗生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Rootstocks Ages on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Castanea henryi

作　　者：王璐 邢刚 陈雨晴 邹锋[1] 袁德义[1] 熊欢[1] WANG Lu;XING Gang;CHEN Yu-qing;ZOU Feng;YUAN De-yi;XIONG Huan(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Hunan Changsha 410004,China;Forestry Bureau of Wuning County,Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Jiujiang 332300,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]江西省武宁县林业局,江西九江332300

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第7期1407-1412,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家林业科学技术推广项目“锥栗新品种及配套栽培关键技术示范推广”([2019]21号);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目“大果晚熟耐贮藏锥栗‘华栗’4号良种推广示范”([2021]XT01号)。

摘　　要：【目的】锥栗是我国南方重要的木本粮食之一,不同砧木年龄影响到锥栗嫁接苗生长和光合特性。【方法】以锥栗良种‘华栗3号’的枝条做为接穗,选用普通锥栗的2年生、4年生实生苗作为砧木,于春季进行插皮接后,测定嫁接苗新梢的生长特征、光响应曲线和光合日变化等指标。【结果】不同年龄锥栗砧木嫁接苗新梢平均长度和粗度均是4年生大于2年生,其中2年生砧木嫁接的新梢平均长度为92.41 cm,平均粗度为11.49 mm;4年生砧木嫁接的新梢平均长度为131.69 cm,平均粗度为14.55 mm。4年生砧木嫁接植株的叶片光饱和点(LSP)、表观量子效率(AQY)、最大净光合速率(P_(max))、光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(R_d)均大于2年生砧木,其中光饱和点分别为2099.50、1678.57μmol/(m^(2)·s),最大净光合速率分别为12.60、10.74μmol/(m^(2)·s)。2组不同年龄砧木嫁接的锥栗新梢叶片净光合速率(P_n)日变化曲线均为"双峰型",下午14:00出现谷值,表现出较明显的"光合午休"现象。砧木年龄越大,其嫁接苗新梢叶片的日平均净光合速率(P_n)越大。【结论】砧木年龄越大,嫁接苗的新梢生长越快,光合能力越强,光能利用效率更高。【Objective】Castanea henryi is one of the important woody grains in southern China.The present paper aimed to study the effect of different rootstock ages on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of grafted seedlings.【Method】C.henryi‘Huali 3’was grafted with 2-year-old and 4-year-old rootstocks of Chinquapin,respectively.Then the growth,Pn-PFD response curve and diurnal variation of photosynthesis of the grafted seedlings were measured.【Result】The new shoot length and diameter of seedlings grafted with 4-year-old rootstock was the highest.The average length of the new shoot of 2-year group was 92.41 cm,and the average diameter was 11.49 mm.The average length of the new shoot of 4-year group was 131.69 cm,and the average diameter was 14.55 mm.The light saturation point(LSP),apparent quantum efficiency(AQY),maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)),light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(Rd)of the 4-year-old rootstock grafted plants were all higher than 2-year-old rootstock grafted paints.The diurnal variation curve of Pn of the two groups of rootstock grafted C.henryi new shoots was of double peak type.At 14:00 pm,there was a valley value,showing a more obvious phenomenon of photosynthetic noon break.When the rootstock was more older,and its the average daily net photosynthetic rate(Pn)was higher than that young rootstock.【Conclusion】The present study indicated that the grafted seedlings with older rootstocks had advantages over growth rate of new shoots,the ability of photosynthesis and light use efficiency.

关 键 词：锥栗 砧木年龄 生长特性 光合特性 

分 类 号：S722[农业科学—林木遗传育种]