耕作深度及秸秆还田对耕层土壤理化性状的影响  

Effects of Deep Ploughing and Straw Returning on Physical and Chemical Properties of Cultivated Soil

作　　者：吕凯飞 周锋[1] 安曈昕[1] 杨友琼[1] 王武 程易 吴伯志[1] LYU Kai-fei;ZHOU Feng;AN Tong-xin;YANG You-qiong;WANG Wu;CHENG Yi;WU Bo-zhi(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Yunnan Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第7期1503-1509,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660378);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119);云南省科技重大专项(2018BB015);云南省现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设(2016KJTX002)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对不合理耕作措施引发土壤干旱频发、耕层变浅、地力衰退等问题,对坡耕地耕层进行合理构建,为改善耕层土壤理化性状和持续提高作物产量提供依据。【方法】本试验于2016-2018年,在砚山县江那镇农业科技示范基地进行,本试验设置8个处理,分别为:免耕+秸秆还田(T1);旋耕15 cm+秸秆还田(T2);翻耕20 cm+秸秆还田(T3);翻耕30 cm+秸秆还田(T4);免耕(T5);旋耕15 cm(T6);翻耕20 cm(T7);翻耕30 cm(T8)。研究不同措施对玉米‖辣椒耕层土壤容重、紧实度、剪切力等物理性状及10~20 cm土壤速效养分的影响。【结果】深耕T3、T4、T7、T8处理能降低土壤容重、剪切力、紧实度等物理性状,T3、T7处理的土壤容重、土壤剪切力、土壤紧实度比T2、T6处理分别降低3.27%~10.75%、2.31%~27.27%、1.44%~11.64%。T3处理的土壤容重、剪切力、紧实度较T5处理分别减少2.63%~5.92%、1.16%~6.06%、7.60%~25.75%。随试验时间延长,T3、T4、T7、T8处理10~20 cm土壤有效养分逐渐增加,到2018年T7处理碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别比T6处理高2.60%、10.50%、23.96%。【结论】深翻+秸秆还田处理有利于坡耕地耕层土壤理化性状的持续性改善,进而推动坡耕地农业可持续发展。【Objective】In view of the frequent occurrence of soil drought,the shallowness of plough layer and the decline of soil fertility caused by unreasonable cultivation measures,the reasonable construction of plough layer of sloping farmland was carried out,which hoped to provide a basis for improving the physical properties of plough layer soil and continuously increasing crop yield.【Method】In 2016-2018,at the demonstration base of agricultural science and technology Jiangna town in Yanshan county,eight treatments were set up for the experiment.They were No-tillage+straw return to field(T1),Rotary tillage 15 cm+straw return to field(T2),Tillage 20 cm+straw return to field(T3),Tillage 30 cm+straw return to field(T4),No-tillage(T5);Rotary tillage 15 cm(T6),Plowing 20 cm(T7),Plowing 30 cm(T8).The effects of different measures on physical properties such as soil bulk density,compactness,and shearing force of the corn‖pepper plough layer,and the available nutrients of 10-20 cm soil were studied.【Results】Deep ploughing treatments T3,T4,T7,T8 could reduce physical properties of soil such as soil bulk density,shearing force,and compaction.The soil bulk density,soil shearing force,and soil compaction of T3 and T7 treatments were respectively lower 3.27%-10.75%,2.31%-27.27%,1.44%-11.64%than those of T2 and T6.Compared with T5,the bulk density shear force and compactness of T3 treatment were reduced by 2.63%-5.92%,1.16%-6.06%,and 7.60%-25.75%,respectively.With the increase of experimental time,T3,T4,T7,and T8 treatments gradually increased the effective nutrients of 10-20 cm soil.By 2018,the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of T7 treatment were higher 2.60%,10.50%,and 23.96%than those of T6 treatment respectively.【Conclusion】The results showed that the deep ploughing+straw returning treatment was beneficial to the sustainable improvement of the physical properties of the soil,the deep soil nutrients,and then promoted the sustainable development of the sloping land agricu

关 键 词：耕作深度 秸秆还田 土壤理化性状 间作 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]