30种观叶秋海棠花粉活力检验方法筛选及活力测定  

Screening of Test Methods and Determination of Pollen Viability of 30 Varieties of Foliage Begonia

作　　者：杜文文[1] 段青[1] 杨楠 蔡晶晶 林培胜 马璐琳[1] 王祥宁[1] 贾文杰[1] 崔光芬[1] Wen-wen;DUAN Qing;YANG Nan;CAI Jing-jing;UN Pei-sheng;MA Lu-lin;WANG Xiang-ning;JIA Wen-jie;CUI Guang-fen(Flower Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Ornamental Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;College of Landscape and Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Yunnan Kunming 650201,China;Agricultural and Rural Service Center of Liuju Town in Dayao County,Yunnan Dayao 675400,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院花卉研究所/国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650205 [2]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201 [3]大姚县六苴镇农业农村服务中心,云南大姚675400

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第7期1521-1527,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技厅重点研发计划项目(农业领域)(2018BB013);云南省科技厅重大科技专项(生物种业和农产品精深加工重大专项)(2019ZG006);云南省花卉育种重点实验室开放基金项目(FKL-201504)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解观叶秋海棠不同种类花粉活力,对育种具有重要意义。【方法】采用TTC染色、I_2-KI染色、孢粉染色法以及离体萌发培养方法检测秋海棠花粉活力,比较不同检测方法和不同种类之间花粉活力大小的差异。【结果】孢粉染色法较其他3种方法测定效果好;30种观叶秋海棠花粉均有活力,花粉活力范围为34.83%~98.58%,花粉活力橙花秋海棠最高,火焰最低;不同种类间花粉活力差异大,11个野生种和1个商业品种的花粉活力均高于90%,花粉活力在80%~90%和70%~80%的种或品种各有6个,60%~70%的有3个,冰川花粉活力稍低,为58.61%,小可爱(43.88%)和火焰(34.83%)的则更低,不到50%;另外火焰不同开放天数雄花的花粉活力随开放天数的增加呈先增大后减小趋势,开花5 d花粉活力最高(42.15%),雌花自开放到凋落,其柱头均有可授性。【结论】孢粉染色法可以快速有效的测定秋海棠植物花粉活力,秋海棠花粉活力多样性丰富,28个种类正常可育,杂交时可作父本,2个种类为低不育,更适合做母本,火焰若做父本,应采集开放5 d的花粉,该项研究对提高杂交效率具有实际指导意义。【Objective】It has a guiding sifnificance for breeding to understand the pollen viability of foliage Begonia varieties.【Methods】TTC staining,I2-KI staining,spore pollen staining and in vitro germination culture methods were used to detect the pollen viability of Begonia,comparing different methods and pollen viabilities.【Result】The spore pollen staining method was better than the other three.30 varieties of foliage Begonia all had pollen viability,which ranged from 34.83%to 98.58%,B.crocea had the highest one,while the lowest was Inca Flame’s.Different varieties had different pollen viabilities.Eleven wild species and one commercial variety had higher pollen viability than 90%.There were 6 varieties with the pollen viability between 80%-90%and 70%-80%separately.Three varieties had pollen viability between 60%and 70%.Nordic Glacier’s was slightly low,58.61%,while Red Heart’s(43.88%)and Inca Flame’s(34.83%)were lower than 50%.In addition,the pollen viability in different blooming days of Inca Flame increased first and then decreased with the increase of blooming days.The highest pollen viability was in the 5th blooming day(42.15%).【Conclusion】Spore pollen staining was a quick and effective method to determine the pollen viability of Begonia,which was rich in diversity.28 varieties were fertile in the tested 30 Begonias,which could be used as a male parent.Two varieties were sterile,and they were more suitable as a female parent.If using Inca Flame as a male parent,pollen should be collected in the 5th blooming day.The study had practical guiding significance to improving hybridization efficiency.

关 键 词：秋海棠 孢粉染色 花粉活力 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]