中甸犏牛的产犊季节、泌乳期分布及产奶量变化规律  

Study on Calving Season,Lactation Length Distribution and Patterns of Milk Yield of Zhongdian Cattle-yak

作　　者：和占星[1] 黄梅芬[1] 赵刚[1] 杨凯[1] 高月娥[1] 亐开兴[1] 张继才[1] 赵婷婷 和映光 王安奎[1] HE Zhan-xing;HUANG Mei-fen;ZHAO Gang;YANG kai;GAO Yue-e;QU Kai-xing;ZHANG Ji-cai;ZHAO Ting-ting;HE Ying-guang;WANG An-kui(Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science,Yunnan Kunming 650212,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Xiaozhongdian Town,Yunnan Shangrila 674401,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212 [2]香格里拉市小中甸镇畜牧兽医站,云南香格里拉674401

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第7期1564-1569,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0502400);云南省重大科技专项“生物种业和农产品精加工专项”(2019ZG011);云南省重点研发(农业领域)项目(2018BB028);云南省科技惠民项目(农业)(2017RA016);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203008);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在探讨中甸犏牛的产犊季节、泌乳期分布及产奶量变化规律,为提升犏牛产奶量措施的制定等提供重要参考。【方法】基于香格里拉社区的犏牛养殖模式,对中甸犏牛(n=142)从产犊的第2天开始,每天早晚各挤奶一次,连续记录挤奶量直至停止挤奶为止,并统计分析产犊时间、泌乳期及各泌乳月的产奶量等。【结果】母犏牛在春、夏、秋和冬季产犊的比例分别占63.38%、30.99%、4.23%和1.41%。母犏牛的泌乳期分布范围宽,5个月(153 d)至14个月(427 d)不等,其中泌乳期为5个月的占24.40%,6~8个月的占46.40%,9~12个月的占28.0%,13~14个月的占1.20%,泌乳期在8个月以下的占70.8%。母犏牛泌乳期6、8、10和12个月的产奶量分别为578.5、722.6、924.1和1103.8 kg,折算成日平均产奶量分别为3.15、2.95、3.03和3.02 kg,不同泌乳期的犏牛日均产奶量比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。母犏牛在年内不同月份产奶量比较结果表明,7月和8月为一年中的产奶高峰期,分别与1-5月、11月和12月的比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。在不考虑胎次、季节和补饲的前提下,母犏牛第2~5个泌乳月为泌乳盛期,月产奶量可保持103~120 kg。其中,第3个泌乳月的产奶量为最高,显著高于第1和7个泌乳月及之后各个泌乳月的产奶量(P<0.01);根据不同泌乳月的产奶量数据建立的一元五次方程的泌乳曲线与实际产奶量的拟合度极高(R~2=0.9772)。【结论】中甸犏牛的产犊集中期为春季,其泌乳期为5~14个月,分布范围宽,日平均产奶量2.95~3.15 kg,一年中以7-8月的产奶量最高;在14个泌乳月的泌乳期中第2~5个泌乳月为泌乳盛期。【Objective】Calving season,lactation length distribution and changes of milk production of Zhongdian cattle-yak(ZCY)were carried out to increase the milk production and provide important reference for the formulation of measures of ZCY.【Method】Based on the Shangri-La community’s cattle breeding model,142 ZCY milked every morning and evening were recorded continuously daily milk yields from the second day of calving to the milking stopped.And calving time,lactation length and milk yield in each lactation month and so on were analyzed.【Result】The percentage of calving in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 63.38%,30.99%,4.23%and 1.41%,respectively.The lactation length of ZCY cows had a wide distribution range,span from 5 months(153 d)to 14 months(427 d),and in 5 months for 24.40%,from 6 months to 8 months for 46.40%,from 9 months to 12 months for 28.0%,from 13 months to 14 months for 1.20%and less than 8 months for 70.8%.The milk yields of lactation lengths of 6,8,10 and 12 months were 578.5,722.6,924.1 and 1103.8 kg,respectively,which were converted into 3.15,2.95,3.03 and 3.02 kg of average daily milk yield,respectively,which was not a significantly difference among daily milk yields of the different lactation lengths(P>0.05);Results of comparison of milk production of ZCY cows in different months in the year showed that peak milk yield were found in July and August,and the milk yields in July and August were significantly higher than those in January,February,March,April,May,November and December,respectively(P<0.01).Regardless of parity,calving season and supplementary feeding,the higher milk yields of ZCY cows were found the second to the fifth lactation month,which were maintained milk yields of lactation month between 103 and 120 kg.And milk yield of the third lactation month reached the highest,was significantly higher than those of the milk yields in the first,seventh and its subsequent lactation months(P<0.01);According to the milk yields in different lactation months,the milk yield curve of

关 键 词：中甸犏牛 泌乳期 产犊季节 产奶量 泌乳月 

分 类 号：S823.9[农业科学—畜牧学]